如何提高幼儿的自理能力,培养良好的习惯

2025-02-09 01:17:48
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

一、问题提出:
  《纲要》中指出,教师应该把保护幼儿的生命和促进幼儿的健康放在教育工作的首要位置。午睡是幼儿在园一日生活中不可缺少的环节,午睡能有效促进幼儿身体的正常发育、解除疲劳、增强幼儿体质,对培养良好的生活习惯有较大的作用,同时也影响着幼儿下午的活动,为下午能更好的学习、活动打下基础。研究表明,幼儿不喜欢午睡,睡眠不足,会感到精神疲倦,烦躁不安,吃饭不香,爱发脾气,对孩子的健康成长造成一系列的负面影响。睡眠充足的孩子做任何事情都精力充沛,情绪愉快,食欲好,长得健康。有一个健康的身体才是幼儿身心健康发展的前提。结合我园的园本课题“幼儿生活自理能力培养的研究”为载体。针对本班午睡出现的一些问题:上床后没有睡觉的意愿,或做小动作,或小声说话,或睁着眼睛四处看,展开了对幼儿养成良好午睡的好习惯的探索研究。
  二、研究目标:
  1、在午睡时幼儿进入睡眠室应保持安静,动作轻轻,脚步轻轻,不说话,不影响别人休息,培养幼儿正确的睡姿,右侧卧睡,不趴着睡不蒙头睡。
  2、在午睡时培养幼儿不憋尿、不尿床、及时小便的好习惯。
  3、在午睡时幼儿不咬被角和拉链,不吮手指,不拿小石子、钮扣、玻璃球等危险物品。
  三、预设研究内容:
  1、组织幼儿睡前散步。
  睡前散步不仅有助于食物的消化,而且有利于气血的流通,使气顺血和,由此而得到更好的休息和睡眠。此外,睡前在户外散步,大脑会更清醒,心情会更舒畅,吐故纳新的结果会缩短初睡至熟睡的过程,这对幼儿是有益的。
  2、初入睡眠室,教师的要适当提示,以身示范。
  在幼儿进入睡眠室时,教师应督促幼儿及时大小便,教师在进入午睡室时,不仅要教育幼儿轻轻讲话、轻轻走路,自己也应该做到轻轻讲话、轻轻走,多用手势代替语言,然后指导幼儿按顺序脱衣服,整齐摆放,并告诉幼儿穿、脱衣服的正确方法、能有礼貌地向教师或同伴请求帮助,养成良好的生活习惯,让幼儿感受到教师对他们的关心和爱护,从而安心地进入睡眠,给幼儿营造一个安静的午睡环境。
  3、重中之重,教师要做好午睡巡视工作。
  幼儿的睡姿正确与否,关系到幼儿睡眠的质量和身体健康。俯卧压迫心脏,血液循环受影响;左侧卧也同样有影响;蒙头睡会使幼儿不能舒畅的呼吸到新鲜空气,容易使幼儿做恶梦,影响幼儿骨骼的正常生长,所以必须培养幼儿仰睡或右侧睡的正确姿势。教师应通过各种故事讲述、常规活动来让幼儿掌握正确的睡姿,并结合午睡实际,密切观察,随时纠正幼儿的睡姿。
  4、创设舒适的午睡环境
  根据幼儿的年龄特点,在寝室内粘贴一些处于睡眠中的动物的图案,或者在墙上布置一些星星、月亮等符合睡眠环境的图案,以增强睡眠的安静感。睡前,教师要拉上窗帘,为幼儿入睡创造一个安静、暖和、舒适、宽松、空气流通的睡眠环境,从而提高幼儿的睡眠质量。
  四、研究成效与反思:
  在近一个学期的时间里,老师们立足本班实际,发现问题及时研究探讨,发掘最有利的解决方法,小处着眼,立足帮助幼儿养成良好的午睡习惯为己任,不怕麻烦,不惧困难,重于取得了可观的成效。孩子们从进睡眠室那刻起就开始安静下来,有条不紊的脱鞋、脱衣、上床、盖被子、闭眼睛,大多数孩子没有了小动作,只有一两个幼儿会眼睛四处看,但对他们自身来说已经是进步啦,孩子们已经养成好的习惯,孩子午睡时的安全系数大大增加,睡眠质量越来越好。这充分说明了,采取有效并适宜幼儿接受的方法与内容是取得良好成果的关键。

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