推荐回答(2个)
便秘可由情绪紧张、长期久坐、节食等造成.孕妇容易便秘。
便秘是指排便次数减少,同时排便困难、粪便干结。正常人每天排便1~2次或2~3天排便1次,便秘患者每周排便少于2次,并且排便费力,粪质硬结、量少。
扩展资料
腹痛:便秘伴有阵发性腹痛者提示有器质性病变引起的腔闭塞,也可能是腹内炎性病灶所致病理反射或肠易激综合征引起的结肠痉挛。
起病和病程:在排便习惯一向正常而近期出现进行性便秘者,若能排除上述生活史、药物史等的影响,必须警惕大肠瘤特别是直肠、乙状结肠、降结肠癌肿的可能性。病程漫长,有反复缓解与加重,多由精神因素诱发者,常为肠易激综合征。
药物史:应了解有无服用可引起便秘的药物,包括鸦片制剂、吗啡缓释片(美施康定、美啡康等)、止痛剂、麻醉剂、肌肉松弛剂、抗抑郁剂、抗精神病药物、抗胆碱能药物、神经节阻滞剂、降压药、止酸剂、钙通道拮抗剂、肠道吸附收敛剂。特别应询问有无经常服用止泻药的历史,可使肠黏膜应激性减退而致便秘。
是由于肛门直肠附近的组织器官生理性改变导致肛门直肠动力学异常引起的排便困难。包括横纹肌功能不良、直肠感觉功能损害、肛门内括约肌功能不良以及黏膜、直肠脱垂造成的暂时性解剖梗阻等。其转运功能大多正常,但粪便积在直肠排出困难。表现为便意频繁,排空不全,通过排粪动态造影可明确诊断,在不排便时很难查出。
直肠套叠:又称直肠内脱垂,隐性直肠脱垂。多数人有长期便秘史,排便费力,每天需费时数小时,自觉大便排空困难,需用手指挖出或在会阴部加压帮助排便。
引起便秘的原因主要有以下六个:
1、与年龄有关
老年人便秘的患病率较青壮年明显增高。由于随着年龄增加,食量和体力活动减少,肠管的张力和蠕动减弱,腹腔及盆底肌肉乏力,肛门内外括约肌减弱,胃结肠反射减弱,直肠敏感性下降,使食物在肠内停留过久,水分过度吸收引起便秘。
2、不良生活习惯
一是饮食因素。饮食简单,缺粗纤维,使粪便体积缩小,黏滞度增加,在肠内运动减慢,水分过度吸收而致便秘。此外有报道显示,胃结肠反射与进食的量有关,1000cal膳食可刺激结肠运动,350cal则无此作用。脂肪是刺激反射的主要食物。
二是排便习惯。没有养成定时排便的习惯,常常忽视正常的便意,致使排便反射受到抑制而引起便秘。
三是活动减少。因缺少运动性刺激以推动粪便的运动,往往易患便秘。
3、全身性病变
全身性疾病有糖尿病、尿毒症、脑血管意外、帕金森病等,也容易出现便秘。
4、肠道病变
肠道的病变有炎症性肠病、肿瘤、疝、直肠脱垂等,此类病变导致功能性出口梗阻引起排便障碍。
5、精神心理因素
患抑郁、焦虑、强迫症等心理障碍者,易出现便秘。
6、医源性(滥用泻药)
长期使用泻剂,尤其是刺激性泻剂,造成肠道黏膜神经的损害,降低肠道肌肉张力,反而导致严重便秘。此外,引起便秘的其他药物还有如鸦片类镇痛药、抗胆碱类药、抗抑郁药、钙离子拮抗剂、利尿剂等。
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扩展资料:
便秘的临床表现
1、便秘的主要表现是排便次数减少和排便困难。
许多患者的排便次数每周少于3次,严重者长达2~4周排便1次。有的患者可突出地表现为排便困难,排便时间可长达30分钟以上,或每日排便多次,但排出困难,粪便硬结如羊粪状,且数量很少。此外有腹胀、食欲缺乏,以及服用泻药不当引起排便前腹痛等。
2、老年人过分用力排便时,可导致冠状动脉和脑血流的改变。
由于脑血流量的降低,排便时可发生昏厥。冠状动脉供血不足者可能发生心绞痛、心肌梗死。高血压者可引起脑血管意外,还可引起动脉瘤或室壁瘤的破裂、心脏附壁血栓脱落、心律失常甚至发生猝死。
由于结肠肌层张力低下,可发生巨结肠症。用力排便时,腹腔内压升高可引起或加重痔疮,强行排便时损伤肛管,可引起肛裂等其他肛周疾病。粪便嵌塞后会产生肠梗阻、粪性溃疡、尿潴留及大便失禁。
参考资料来源:/baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%BE%BF%E7%A7%98"target="_blank"title="百度百科便秘">百度百科便秘
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