9上化学定义以及符号的意思

2025-03-16 19:53:42
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

化学是研究物质的性质、组成、结构、变化和应用的科学。世界是由物质组成的,化学则是人类用以认识和改造物质世界的主要方法和手段之一,它是一门历史悠久又富有活力的学科。它的成就是社会文明的重要标志。
元素符号中, 左下是质子数,也是原子序数;左上是质量数,即中子数+质子数,有时也可看作相对原子质量的近似值(但Cu质量数是64,近似相对原子质量是63.5,Cl等亦如此) 右下表示该分子中的该原子数,如C6H12O6中,“H12”表示一个葡萄糖或果糖分子中有6个氢原子;右上一般是“数字+”或“数字-”,表示该离子的电性和电荷量,如Ca2+表明钙离子带两个单位正电荷

另外Δ = 加热 ↑ = 温度升高
↓ = 温度下降
⇔ = 可逆反应
↔ = 可逆反应
P = 质子
e = 电子
H+ = 氢离子(带正号是阳离子)
OH- = 氢氧根离子(带负号是阴离子)
Q = 热量
H = 焓
ppt = 沉淀
s = 固态
l = 液态
g = 气态
aq = 水溶液
² ⁴Mg = 原子量为24的镁元素
₁₂Mg = 原子序数为12的镁元素

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