什么是焊接接头?

2025-03-11 05:44:35
推荐回答(3个)
回答1:

接头金属及填充金属熔化后,又以较快的速度冷却凝固后形成。焊缝组织是从液体金属结晶的铸态组织,晶粒粗大,成分偏析,组织不致密。但是,由于焊接熔池小,冷却快,化学成分控制严格,碳、硫、磷都较低,还通过渗合金调整焊缝化学成分,使其含有一定的合金元素,因此,焊缝金属的性能问题不大,可以满足性能要求,特别是强度容易达到。焊接接头熔化区和非熔化区之间的过渡部分。熔合区化学成分不均匀,组织粗大,往往是粗大的过热组织或粗大的淬硬组织。其性能常常是焊接接头中最差的。熔合区和热影响区中的过热区(或淬火区)是焊接接头中机械性能最差的薄弱部位,会严重影响焊接接头的质量。焊接接头热影响区。被焊缝区的高温加热造成组织和性能改变的区域。低碳钢的热影响区可分为过热区、正火区和部分相变区。

(1)过热区 最高加热温度1100℃以上的区域,晶粒粗大,甚至产生过热组织,叫过热区。过热区的塑性和韧性明显下降,是热影响区中机械性能最差的部位。

(2)正火区 最高加热温度从Ac3至1100℃的区域,焊后空冷得到晶粒较细小的正火组织,叫正火区。正火区的机械性能较好。

(3)部分相变区最高加热温度从Ac1至Ac3的区域,只有部分组织发生相变, 叫部分相变区。此区晶粒不均匀,性能也较差。 在安装焊接中,熔焊焊接方法应用较多。焊接接头是高温热源对基体金属进行局部加热同时与熔融的填充金属熔化凝固而形成的不均匀体。根据各部分的组织与性能的不同,焊接接头可分为三部分。如图2—l所示,

在焊接发生熔化凝固的区域称为焊缝,它由熔化的母材和填充金属组成。而焊接时基体金属受热的影响(但未熔化)而发生金相组织和力学性能变化的区域称为热影响区。熔合区是焊接接头中焊缝金属与热影响区的交界处,熔合区一彀很窄,宽度为0.1~0.4mm。

回答2:

焊接接头系数是指对接焊接接头强度与母材强度之比值。用以反映由于焊接材料、焊接缺陷和焊接残余应力等因素使焊接接头强度被削弱的程度,是焊接接头力学性能的综合反映。(实际上焊接接头系数并不真正反映焊缝处材料强度被削弱的程度,而是一个经验数据,表示焊缝质量的可靠程度。)系数的大小标准:国标、美标、日标与焊缝型式、焊接工艺及焊缝无损检测的严格程度有关。与美国的ASME Ⅷ-1,日本JISB8241一样,GB150规定,焊接接头系数应根据容器受压元件的焊接接头的焊接工艺特点(焊缝型式——单面焊或双面焊;有或无垫板),以及无损检测抽查率确定,而且只对对接焊缝作了规定。

回答3:

焊接接头形式主要有对接接头、T形接头、角接接头、搭接接头四种。有时焊接结构中还有一些其它类型的接头形式,如十字接头、端接接头、卷边接头、套管接头、斜对接接头、锁底对接接头等。在国家标准GB 985—88中有详细规定。焊接接头对接接头两焊件相对平行的接头称为对接接头,这种接头从力学角度看是较理想的接头形式,受力状况较好,应力集中较小,能承受较大的静载荷或动载荷,是焊接结构中采用最多的一种接头形式。根据焊件厚度、焊接方法和坡口准备的不同,对接接头可分为不开坡口对接接头和开坡口对接接头两种。

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