柴油机发电机气缸异响的主要原因

2025-02-12 01:58:14
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

1 .气门异响气门间隙过大时,摇臂对气门杆端的敲击加重,因而发出清脆的敲击异响。热机后的气门间隙会变小,所以敲击异响小一些。气门间隙过小时,会发出"嚓、嚓、嚓"的声音,且随发动机转速升高响声也随之加大,而且热机时更为明显,严重时可使排气门烧损。

2. 气缸垫异响气缸垫边缘出现小气泡,会发出" 嚓、嚓、嚓"的窜气声,开始时很小、很尖,有愈来愈大的趋势。原因有:缸盖螺母扭紧力不均匀、气缸盖或气缸垫变形,高温燃气沿缝隙泄漏,导致气缸垫烧损;发动机长时间超负荷工作,温度过高烧毁气缸垫。发现气缸盖漏气时,应在冷态下拆检,气缸垫是否变形或烧损。损坏时应换新件。

3. 活塞顶异响活塞定异响,一般分为清脆的金属敲击声响。原因有三:一是异物如小垫片、螺钉等)经进气管或安装喷油器的孔掉入气缸,当活塞运动至上止点附近时撞击活塞顶;二是配气相位不正确,如进气门早开角或排气门晚关角过大,或者配气正时齿轮装错等,都能使活塞与气门相碰;三是连杆瓦严重磨损或损坏, 使连杆轴承间隙过大,当活塞运动到上止点附近时与气门相碰,严重时甚至能撞击缸盖。

4. 气缸异响柴油机在怠速或比怠速稍高运转时,发出类似小锤敲击有节奏的"当当" 声,即所谓的敲缸,并伴随柴油消耗过多,机油耗量大等现象。造成敲缸的原因有:活塞与气缸磨损严重,活塞与气缸壁配合间隙过大;活塞变形、活塞销与连杆衬套配合过紧、连杆变形、活塞在气缸内偏斜运行;喷油器工作不良、供油提前角调整不当或各缸供油量不均匀等。判断敲击缸的部位可采用逐缸断油法进行。如果将某一缸的高压油路断开时晌声明显减弱或消失,恢复供油后又听到敲击声,则说明该缸配合间隙过大,使活塞敲缸。如柴油机低温时敲击声不清晰,温度升高后怠速运转时有"嘎嘎"声,机体振抖,且温度越高声音越大,则判定为活塞或连杆变形,应及时维修。

5. 轴瓦响 (1)小瓦响小瓦(连杆轴承)响的特征与负荷、转速变化密切相关。在转速和负荷增大时,响声也增大,当突然加速时,连续发出"当当" 的响声尤为明显。出现小瓦响的原因有:柴油机超负荷工作时间过长或轴承温度过高使小瓦合全面烧蚀;轴承与轴颈磨损严重;轴承与轴颈配合间隙过大或轴承盖螺栓松动,柴油机在做功时受到强大的压而产生异响。连杆轴承与轴颈的配合间隙若过小,机油就难以进入摩擦表面,不易形成油膜,造成润滑不良,会使轴颈和轴承干摩擦或半干摩擦而烧坏轴承。 (2) 曲轴轴承异响响声比连杆轴承的响声沉重有力。急加速时发出沉闷有节奏的"镗镗"声响,严重时机体有较强的振动,声响部位发生在气缸体的下部,且随转速、负荷的增加而增大。这种异响主要是曲轴轴承与轴颈磨损严重、径向间隙过大或轴承盖螺丝拧紧力矩不足,曲轴受力后上下跳动所发出的撞击声。若机油质量过差或油压偏低,不易形成润滑油膜,轴承和轴颈会处以半干和干摩擦状态;或曲轴轴承配合间隙过小,摩擦产生的高温会烧毁轴承合金。上述情况严重时均会造成抱轴。 (3) 衬套异响柴油机在同样的转速下,活塞销衬套的响声比活塞敲缸的声音清脆尖锐,是种有节奏的“哒哒哒”类似于钢球碰撞的敲击声。活塞销与连杆衬套磨损后配合间隙过大、活塞销与销座孔磨损松旷、机油压力过低 ,或因润滑不良造成活塞销严重烧蚀等,都可以造成衬套异响

6. 油底壳异响连杆大头撞击油底壳,会使油底壳抖动,发出较低沉的“敲击振动”响声。

7. 齿轮室异响齿轮室的噪声与轮齿间隙直接相关,齿隙超过规定值时产生强烈噪声即为异响。齿轮间隙过大产生的异响密集而清晰的"沙沙"声,响度比较强烈。

8. 飞轮壳异响由于柴油机的有效扭矩由飞轮输出,所以一旦飞轮螺钉松动必然会产生强烈的抖动,在飞轮壳处发出很大的异响。

回答2:

气门断裂或者缸内进水

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