推荐回答(2个)
夫子庙乌衣巷井的由来:
历史上有各种不同的说法,归纳起来主要有三种:因王谢子弟穿乌衣而得名,简称“衣服”说;因巷内曾驻扎穿乌衣的兵营而得名,简称“乌营”说;因燕子和王谢家的燕子多而得名,简称“燕子”说。
一、关于因王谢子弟穿乌衣而得名说
《宋书·谢弘微传》上有这么一段记载:谢混“唯与族子灵运、瞻、曜、弘微并以文义赏会,尝共宴处,居在乌衣巷,故谓之乌衣游。”这是已发现的、最早的有关“乌衣巷”的正史记载。一些谢氏族谱和一些姓氏书籍上据此记载为“乌衣巷”是因谢氏子弟穿乌衣而得名。如:1996年所修的《湖南谢氏通谱·谢氏先贤芬典》中沿用老谱之说:“乌衣遗风:王谢子弟多居于乌衣巷,一时贵盛,人称乌衣子弟,因其子弟悉着乌衣也。《晋书》注:‘乌衣,青衣也。’”当代一些学者也多采用此说。例如:当代著名姓氏研究学者王大良在《中华姓氏通史·谢》一书中说:“乌衣,即乌衣巷,在南京市内东南方,是东晋南朝时陈郡谢氏在京城的住所,后因用来代指陈郡谢氏。”当代学者李学勤主编的《中华姓氏谱·谢》一书中也说:“乌衣巷在在今江苏省南京市内,谢安及其子弟居此,皆穿乌衣,因名乌衣巷。谢弘微之子谢密与同宗子弟谢混、谢灵运、谢瞻、谢晦等常以文相会,其宴处因居乌衣巷内,故称‘乌衣之游’。谢混有诗云:‘昔为乌衣游,戚戚皆亲姓。’”
二、因巷内曾驻扎穿乌衣的兵营而得名说
南朝·宋的刘义庆所撰的《世说新语·雅量十三》中载:“王公曰:我与元规虽俱王臣,本怀布衣之好。若其欲来,吾角巾迳还乌衣,何所稍严。”这段话的大意是:我与元规虽然是同朝的大臣,但我们都是当平头百姓时的好朋友,他如果真的要来我家,我换下官服,再穿上黑色的百姓服装与之相见,应当是显得比较亲近、随和,这样的话不算是很严肃了吧?梁·刘孝标在为这段文字作注时引《丹阳记》说:“乌衣之起,吴时乌衣营处所也。”1995年版的湖南《谢氏通谱·谢氏纪地》中也主张此说法:“乌衣巷,地名,在今南京市东南。三国吴时于此作营,以士兵着乌衣而名。乌衣,青衣也,晋时鲲、裒二公居此。”无独有偶,南京当地也有此说,在南京市乌衣巷的入口处现在有一块“乌衣古井”解说牌,上云:“乌衣古井位于乌衣巷内,现‘王谢古居’西则。相传三国时吴国戍守石头城的部队营房驻扎乌衣巷内,军士们即用此井,故名‘乌衣古井’。”这三者相互应证,说明乌衣巷是因士兵的衣着而得名的说法也是有一定依据的。
三、因燕子和王谢家的燕子多而得名说
由宋代爱国诗人谢枋得选编、清代著名学者王相作注的《千家诗》中,王相为唐代诗人刘禹锡《乌衣巷》一诗作注说:“朱雀桥在金陵城外,乌衣巷在桥边。乌衣,燕子也。王、谢之家,庭多燕子,故名乌衣。”在此说中,燕子即乌衣,乌衣巷即燕子巷。
乌衣巷的得名有很多说法。
第一种说法是这里曾是东吴时期的禁卫军驻地,由于军士悉穿乌衣,由此得名乌衣营。,后改乌衣巷。第二种说法称东晋时期王谢两家居住于此,而两族子弟都喜欢穿乌衣以彰显身份尊贵,所以得名乌衣巷。这种说法在南京民间广为流传。第三种说法来自南宋时编纂的《六朝事迹编类》,称刘禹锡诗中的“旧时王谢堂前燕”乃是误笔,原是“旧时王榭堂前燕”。南京曾有个名叫王榭的人,以航海为业。海船失事,他误入乌衣国,娶妻生子。后来,王榭独自返回故乡南京,为了怀念乌衣国的时光,便将所住的巷子更名乌衣巷。
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