如何管理荔枝树
荔枝什么时候施肥合适,什么时候喷撒农药预防荔枝因虫子早落
推荐回答(2个)
一、秋季管理
1、 促发适时、适量、健壮秋梢。荔枝采果后一般放2次秋梢,青壮年壮旺树可放3次秋梢,老树弱树放1次秋梢。早、中、晚熟品种的末次秋梢分别在8月底至9月初、9月下旬至10月上旬放出,老树弱树要适当提前,青年壮树可稍为推后几天。
末次秋梢每条枝留1-2条,多余的抹掉,一般每平方米树面早、中熟品种20-30条秋梢,迟熟品种40-50条。健壮秋梢的长度分别达18-25cm和10-15cm;梢中部的茎粗要分别达到0.6-0.8cm和0.4-0.5cm;每梢叶片数达30片。
2、 施肥时间与施肥量。幼年结果树,以迟熟品种为例,在采果后7-10天,每挂50公斤果的树(下同),株施腐熟鸡粪15公斤,复合肥1.5公斤,磷肥2公斤,争取8月份放第一次秋梢。在我市偏南地区,水利条件好管理水平高的壮旺树,末次秋梢可于10月底放出,攻出梢后一定要加强肥水管理,促梢在12月中旬前老熟。
中年挂果树,当年挂果多的树或弱树,采果前10天株施鸡粪10-15公斤,三元复合肥1.5公斤,挂果少或树势壮的可在采果后10天施肥,7月下旬至8月初抽出第一次秋梢;9月中旬株施尿素1公斤、过磷酸钙1.5公斤、氯化钾0.5公斤,促第二次秋梢于9月下旬至10月上旬抽出。
老年挂果树当年挂果多和叶色淡的树,于收果前10天株施腐熟鸡粪15公斤混磷肥2公斤,再于8月上中旬株施尿素1公斤,过磷酸钙1公斤,氯化钾0.5公斤,硫酸锌0.03公斤,9月中下旬抽出壮健的秋梢。
3、合理修剪。修剪时间因树而异。修剪一般于收果后7-15天开始,采果后一个月内完成。剪除相互交叉内膛枝、主枝上的徒长枝、病虫害枝、阴枝、弱枝、过密的重叠枝、开花未结果的光头枝等。结果少或无结果、生势壮旺的树可重剪,特别是无结果的树,应适当重回缩修剪,空怀树可于春季谢花后进行修剪;挂果多的树,待采后秋梢萌发时进行修剪;而对于果多叶少的弱树,应在第一次秋梢老熟后,第二次秋梢萌发时才修剪。
4、 科学防治病虫害。在新梢抽长出3厘米和展叶后用40%水胺硫磷800-1000倍;或40.7%乐斯本1000倍防卷叶虫、尺蠖、叶瘿蚊等害虫;可加入甲基托布津或百菌清等药灭菌。
5、 其它:在放梢护梢过程中,遇旱要适当淋灌水,雨后浅松土保湿,遇暴雨要排除园内积水,避免因积水引起烂根落叶。台风后喷杀菌药防治病害,控制病菌的蔓延。
1. 选好园地。选择地势开阔,土质疏松肥沃,土层深厚,并且有水源的丘陵山坡作为荔枝种植园为好。
2. 选好苗木,下足基肥。选用新根多,枝杆光滑,无病虫的健壮枝苗或嫁接苗。
3. 幼龄期管理。①勤施薄施追肥.为促多抽发新梢②抓好保梢壮梢。每次梢喷农药两次,在新芽嫩叶展开时和新梢转绿前各喷一次,在药液中加入新高脂膜,可促梢生长健壮。
4. 结果树管理。①培养健壮结果母枝.看树势来确定攻放一次或两次秋梢,每次梢喷防治病虫农药两次,并加入叶面肥一起喷,保梢壮梢。②控冬梢促成花。为防止在11月中下旬至12月抽发冬梢,影响花芽分化,一般在11月中旬开始即要进行控梢工作:涂抹促花王2号,控冬旺,代替激素杀梢,控夏梢。③加强保花保果。为提高坐果率,喷施壮果蒂灵,增粗果蒂,提高营养输送量。防落花、落果、裂果、僵果、畸形果,使果实着色靓丽、果型美、品味佳。
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