超滤和反渗透净水器都是用活性碳去氯的,为什么超滤还是有氯,而反渗透没有氯?
推荐回答（1个）
我可以很明确告诉你,氯离子是可以透过反渗透膜的,而且对于反渗透膜没有影响。但是余氯【余氯可分为化合性余氯(指水中氯与氨的化合物,有NH2Cl、NHCl2及NHCl3三种,以NHCl2较稳定,杀菌效果好),又叫结合性余氯;游离性余氯指水中的ClO-、HClO、Cl2等,杀菌速度快,杀菌力强,但消失快),又叫自由性余氯;总余氯即化合性余氯与游离性余氯之和】——百度百科具有氧化性会对聚酰胺膜造成巨大影响,所以需要严格控制。RO及NF进水中的游离氯要降到 0.05ppm 以下,才能达到聚酰胺复合膜的要求。【除氯的预处理方法有两种,粒状活性炭吸附和使用还原性药剂如亚硫酸钠。在小系统(50-00gpm)中一般用活性碳过滤器,投资成本比较合理。推荐使用酸洗处理过的优质活性炭,去除硬度、金属离子,细粉含量要非常低,否则会造成对膜的污染。新安装的碳滤料一定要充分淋洗,直到碳粉被完全除去为止,一般要几个小时甚至几天。我们不能依靠5μm的保安过滤器来保护反渗透膜不受碳粉的污染。碳过滤器的好处是可以除去会造成膜污染的有机物,对于所有进水的处理比添加药剂更为可靠。但其缺点是碳会成为微生物的饲料,在碳过滤器中孳生细菌,其结果是造成反渗透膜的生物污染。亚硫酸氢钠(SBS)是较大型RO装置选用的典型还原剂。将固体偏亚硫酸氢钠溶解在水中配制成溶液,商品偏亚硫酸氢钠的纯度为97.5-99%,干燥储存期6个月。BS溶液在空气中不稳定,会与氧气发生反应,所以推荐2%的溶液的使用期为3-7天, 10%以下的溶液使用期为7-14天。从理论上讲,1.47ppm的SBS(或0.70ppm偏亚硫酸氢钠)能够还原1.0ppm的氯。设计时考虑到工业苦咸水系统的安全系数,设定SBS的添加量为每1.0ppm氯1.8-3.0ppm。SBS的注入口要在膜元件的上游,设置距离要保证在进入膜元件有29秒的反应时间。推荐使用适当的在线搅拌装置(静态搅拌器)。SBS脱氯反应:Na2S2O5 (偏亚硫酸钠)+ H2O =2 NaHSO3 (亚硫酸氢钠) ·NaHSO3 + HOCl =NaHSO4 (硫酸氢钠) + HCl (盐酸)·NaHSO3 + Cl2 + H2O =NaHSO4 + 2 HCl采用SBS脱氯的好处是在大系统中比碳过滤器的投资较少,反应副产物及残余SBS易于被RO脱除。SBS脱氯的缺点是需要人工混合小体积的药剂,在脱氯系统没有设计足够的监测控制仪器时增加了氯对膜的威胁,而且在少数情况下进水中存在硫还原菌(SBR),亚硫酸会成为细菌营养帮助细菌的繁殖。SBR通常在浅层井水厌氧环境下有发现,硫化氢(H2S)作为SBR的代谢产物会同时存在。】——我所在本公司对外宣传资料对于超滤来说, 基本不需要预处理来除去余氯 ,因为超滤膜材质有一定耐氧化性(PVDF,PVC),不像RO膜娇贵,实际上有些超滤反洗就有用到次氯酸钠。常规的超滤预处理步骤是:混凝沉淀+多介质过滤器+保安过滤器+超滤或混凝沉淀+自清洗过滤器。还有很重要的一点是,超滤膜相对便宜,活性炭可是很贵的。实际上超滤的预处理,一般是为了除去微生物、降低浊度、去除悬浮物胶体物质、可溶性有机物这四大类,我基本没看到除余氯的。
求采纳
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