推荐回答（1个）
整地的作用主要是：加强土壤的透水性，提高蓄水保墒和抗旱能力；加强土壤的通气性，即利于苗木根系有氧呼吸，增进养分吸收，又能氧化对根系生长有害的还原性物质（如H2S、Fe2+、Mn2+等）；因土壤通气良好，空气多，比板结和过湿土地易于提高土温，而且昼夜土温的变幅减小，有利于苗木安全生长；整地起到翻埋杂草种子、作物残茬、混拌有机肥料或矿质肥料，以及在一定程度上消灭病虫害的作用；整地要做到深耕细整，才能协调土壤水、肥、气、热状况，给苗木生长提供良好的土壤环境。
（1）清理圃地
耕作前要清除圃地上的树枝、杂草等杂物，填平坑穴，使耕作区达到基本平整，为翻耕打好基础。
（2）浅耕灭茬
浅耕灭茬是耕地前的一项表土耕作制度，深度以15～18厘米为宜，时间在收割作物或起苗后2～3日内进行，以减少土壤水分蒸发，消灭杂草和病虫害，为深耕减少机械阻力，提高深耕质量。
（3）耕翻土壤
耕翻土壤是整地中最主要的环节。用拖拉机或锄、镐、锹耕翻一遍。根据土壤厚度及育苗方法确定耕地深度，深耕作业必须在秋季入冬前进行，耕地时可在地表施一层有机肥，随耕翻土壤进入耕作层。
（4）耙地
耙地一般是在耕地后立即进行的表土耕作措施。耙地的目的是耙碎土块、混合肥料、平整土地、清除杂草、保蓄土壤水分等。但有时为了改良土壤和增加冬季积雪，也可以早春育苗前耙地。
（5）镇压
镇压是在耙地后或播种前后进行的一项整地措施。通常情况下，在作床或作垄后进行镇压，或在播种前镇压播种沟底，或播种后镇压覆土。可用耱或镇压器在耕地后进行镇压，机械进行土壤耕作时，镇压与耙地同时进行。其目的是压碎土块，使表土紧密，减少土壤孔隙度，减少土壤中气态水的散失，同时还能加强毛细管作用，把土壤下层水分提升到耕作层，起到蓄水保墒的作用。
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