推荐回答(4个)
车床加工是一种是把车刀固定通过车刀的横向和纵向移动进行精加工方法,另外在车床上还可用钻头、扩孔钻、铰刀、丝锥、板牙和滚花工具等。主要用于加工轴、盘、套和其他具有回转表面的工件,是机械制造和修配工厂中使用最广的一类机床加工。通常因为工艺设计不合理有时会导致切削加工的过程中产生大量的烟雾,下面简单介绍下烟雾产生的原因和解决方法:
一、切削加工烟雾大的原因
在金属切削工艺加工过程中,金属工件、刀具、碎屑产生大量的摩擦产生高温,当切削油的冷却性能不达标时,无法将热量及时传导出去从而产生了一个油雾的问题。由于大量油雾产生,影响金属加工车间的环境,而且还对操作工人的呼吸道健康产生影响。长期在油雾环境下工作,会引起工人的咳嗽,哮喘以及呼吸道方面的疾病。
二、切削油油雾的的形成主要机理
(1)切削油雾化切削油雾化主要是由于机床系统内的固定及旋转单元的激烈冲击对切削油产生作用,被其打碎形成细小液滴漂浮在工作环境中;
(2)切削油蒸汽蒸汽的发生是由于切削区产生大量的热量传导入切削油,使它的温度升高后与加工部位接触发生蒸汽。这些蒸汽随后以周围空气中的小液滴,或其它粒子为核心凝结形成油雾。
三、金属切削过程产生油雾的类型
(1)由喷射冲击产生的干净油雾不含固体粉尘;
(2)采用固件润滑剂喷射产生的含固体粉尘的油雾;
(3)因加热或高速切削的高温导致蒸发或灼烧而产生的烟雾。
四、切削油油雾形成影响因素:
(1)油喷嘴的形状、大小、压力影响:
油喷嘴的形状、大小、孔数对油路润滑有很大的影响,从而影响金属加工油油雾的产生。通常喷射面积大则喷射压力低,喷射持续期短而喷束贯穿度则相对较小;喷射面积小则正相反。可以改变油路喷嘴的数量从而影响油雾的产生。
(2)切削油本身质量影响:
对切削油油雾的影响因素,切削油本身的性能也对油雾有严重的影响。包括切削油的冷却性能、闪点、粘度等,切削油粘度越小、闪点越低产生的油雾越大。但切削油粘度过大时会影响到正常使用。一些质量比较好的切削油都加有适量的抗油雾添加剂。
(3)加工车间的环境影响:
加工车间的环境也是影响烟雾大小的因素之一,包括环境的温度和湿度等。在进行高难度加工时车间请做好车间内的通风工作,保持空气的流通,这也是有利于减少切削油油雾问题的。
以上就是切削加工过程中烟雾大的原因,通过合理安排工艺、选用专用切削油、改善生产环境的通风条件可以解决油雾的问题。
教你一招:安装机床 油雾净化器就不会有这个现象啦!上图:

机床油雾净化器
原因分析:
1)油喷咀的形状、大小、压力影响影响金属加工液油雾的产生;
2)切削油闪点低,润滑性能弱,切削油加工过程中产生大量热量致使里面的低闪点组分挥发成油烟油雾。
安美解决思路:1)选用含有抗油雾添加剂,润滑性能好,粘度相对较高的切削油。2)可以通过安装切削油油雾收集器来回收净化油雾,这样可以有效避免油雾在车间的弥漫与沉积。
安装油雾净化器就好了;

油雾净化器
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