英语从句的讲解!要详细的!

2024-12-04 05:16:24
推荐回答(3个)
回答1:

定语从句概要:
(这是有关定语从句的精要介绍,涵盖了有关定语从句的各个方面,供参考:)

引导定语从句的关联词包括关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, whose, who, whom, as;关系副词有when, where, why。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中都充当一定的句法成份。关系代词在从句中充当动词的宾语时一般可以省略。
关系代词的选用比较复杂,受下列条件的制约:
(1) 要看先行词是指人还是指物,
(2) 要看关系代词在从句中句法功能,
(3) 要看定语从句是限定性的还是非限定性的。

在定语从句中充当的成分
↓ 用于限定性或非限定性从句 只用于限定性从句
指人 指物 指人或指物
主语 who which that
宾语 whom which that
谓语 whose whose (of which)
That 只能用在限定性定语从句中,而who, whom, which, which 既可用于限定性定语从句中,也可用于非限定性定语从句。
I know that he is a man who means what he says.
I know that he is a man that means what he says. 【我知道他是一个守信用的人。】

The gentleman whom she met addressed her with courtesy.
The gentleman that she met addressed her with courtesy. 【她遇到的那位先生很有礼貌地向她打了招呼。】
The gentleman she met addressed her with courtesy.(在从句中充当动词宾语的关系代词,可以省略。)

The watch which was lost has been found.
The watch that was lost has been found. 【丢了的表找到了。】

Here is the material which you need. (注:现代美语中不允许这样用)
Here is the material that you need.
Here is the material you need. 【你要的材料在这儿了。】

You are the only one whose advice he might listen to. 他也就是听你的话吧。

关系副词的选用相对来说比较简单,如果先行词是表示时间的名词,如time, day 等,则用when, 如先行词为表示地点的名词,如place, house, area 等等,则选用where。如果先行词为reason 则选用why

I will never forget the mountain village where I spent my childhood.
I will never forget the mountain village in which I spent my childhood.
我永远也不会忘记我度过童年的那个小山村。

I don’t know the reason why he did that.
I don’t know the reason for which he did that. 【我不知道他为什么这么做。】

当先行词是all, something, nothing 等不定代词时,或者先行词的前面有first, last, only, few, much, some, any, no 等词修饰时,或者先行词的前面有最高级修饰时,一般只用that 而不用which 来引导定语从句:
I have explained everything that I can to you.
I have explained everything I can to you. 【我已经尽一切可能把事情向你解释得一清二楚。】

This is the most beautiful campus that I have ever been to.
This is the most beautiful campus I have ever been to. 【这是我见到的最美丽的校园。】

That’s all that I know.
That’s all I know. 【我知道的就是这些。】

Can you tell me something that you know?
Can you tell something you know? 【你能把你知道的一些情况告诉我吗?】

There is nothing that I cannot tell you.
There is nothing I cannot tell you. 【我没有什么不能告诉你的事情。】

The first thing that we should do is to work out a plan.
The first thing we should do is to work out a plan. 【我们应该做的头一件事就是订一个计划。】

The last place that we visited was the farm.
The last place we visited was the farm. 【我们最后参观的地方是农场。】

还有一种定语从句,它的结构是:the same ….. as…, such … as
这里的as 可以指人或物,这里的as 引导的是限定性定语从句:
Such furniture as is very popular is expensive. 一种很受欢迎的家具价钱昂贵。
We have successfully done the same experiment as you did. 你做过的那个试验我们已经成功地做完了。
It wasn’t such a computer as the advertisement had promised. 这种电脑可不是广告中说的那种电脑。

限定性定语从句与主句关系密切,为句中不可缺少的部分,如去掉,主句意思就不完整了。而非限定性定语从句与主句关系松散,如果去掉了,主句内容仍然完整。在书面语中非限定性定语从句一般补逗号隔开。非限定性定语从句一般不用that 引导。引导非限定性定语从句的关系词不可省略。
His speech, which bored everyone, went on and on. 他的讲话没完没了,真让人烦。
The general’s daughter, whose name is Jane, gave me a sweet smile.
将军的女儿名叫珍妮。她冲我笑了笑,笑得好甜啊。

非限定性定语从句中,先行词也可以是整个句子,一般用which 或as 来引导定语从句,which在从句中可充当主语、宾语等,as 在从句中一般只充当主语,which 与as 引导这类定语从句的区别在于:which 只能放在句子当中或句子末尾,而as 的位置比较灵活,可以放在句子当中、句子末尾,也可以放在句首。
As is known to all, too much stress can cause disease.
Too much stress can cause disease, as is known to all.
Too much stress can cause disease, which is known to all. 【众所周知,压力太大了,人会得病的。】

Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen, which is known to all.
Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen, as is known to all. 【众所周知,水是由氢和氧组成的。】

关系代词在定语从句中有时也作介词的宾语。如果介词被置于关系代词前,一般只用介词加which 或介词加whom,而不用介词加that来引导定语从句。如果介词被置于从句句末,则可以使用that来代替which或whom,这时的that可以省略。
This is the ring on which she spent 1,000 dollars. 这就是她花了一千美元买的那枚戒指。

One of my colleagues whom you are familiar with will come today.
One of my colleagues that you are familiar with will come today.
One of my colleagues you are familiar with will come today.
我的一个同事,就是你非常熟悉的那个人,今天要过来。

回答2:

英语的宾语从句

  宾语从句,就是在句中充当宾语成份的从句。英语的宾语主要有两类:一是及物动词后的宾语,另一类是介词后的宾语。引导宾语从句的关联词有that,what,whether等。宾语从句的结构主要有以下几种情况:
  

1. 作谓语动词的宾语

  宾语从句直接跟在谓语动词的后面,这类宾语从句最为常见。例如:

I heard that be joined the army.

She did not know what had happened.

I wonder whether you can change this note for me.

She told me that she would accept my invitation.

2. 作介词的宾语

Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.

3. 由 it 作为先行词的宾语结构
  在一些句子中,先由it作为宾语,紧跟在动词后面,而宾语从句则接在it后面。这种情况,称it为形式宾语,从句则为真正的宾语从句。例如:

  We heard it that she would get married next month.

4. 特殊的否定的形式
  如果主句的谓语动词是 think, consider, wuppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等,其后的宾语从句如果包含否定意义,这是,一般要在主句进行否定,而宾语从句仍然用肯定句式。例如:

  I don’t think this dress fits you well.(我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。)

回答3:

根据英语从句在句子中的句法作用,从句可分为三类:名词性从句,形容词性从句和副词性从句。通过对引导从句的各种引导词进行观察,我们不难发现,有的从句可以直接从引导词的形式和意义上来区分。如:Though the old man is over seventy, he still sees well and hears well. 我们一读此句,就可以认定,由Though引导的从句是一个让步状语从句。因为though只能引导让步状语从句,不能引导其它从句,但是有些引导词却能引导多种从句。如引导词when:既可以引导时间状语从句又可以引导定语从句,还可以引导名词性从句。此外,象that,where等,三类从句均可引导;who既可引导定语从句,又可引导名词性从句;so that 即可引导目的状语从句,又可引导结果状语从句……因此,这些形同义不同的引导词给我们理解、掌握、运用各种从句带来了很大困难。另外,搞不清楚从句在句子中所起的作用,就不能正确理解原文。那么,怎样正确区分各种形同义不同的引导词引导的从句呢?

1、 分析句子结构以区虽从句的种类
遇到一个复合句,首先要分析其句子结构,看从句在整个句子中起什么作用,那么它就是什么从句。
2、 分析引导词的句法作用以区别从句的种类
that这个词即是引导同位语从句,又可引导定语从句,这种两种从句从形式和结构上看特别相似,如何区分呢?
区分that引导的是同位语从句还是定语从句的方法是,看that在从句中是否充当句子成分,若that在从句中不充当任何成分,则为同位语从句;若that在从句中充当主语或宾语,则为定语从句。
3、 根据被修饰词来判断从句的种类
定语从句常常修饰一些具有实际意义的名词,如:the film;the student;the book;a house等等。而同位语从句常常修饰一些表示抽象概念的名词,如fact、idea、promise、truth等,用来说明这些名词所表示的具体内容。状语从句在句子中常用来修饰谓语动词。
4、 根据从句前词的词性来判断从句的种类
宾语从句分两种:动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句。宾语从句前肯定是动词或介词。定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的,所以其前一定是一个名词或代词。
5、 根据上下文意义和结构形式上区分从句的种类
如so that即可引导目的状语从句,又可引导结果状语从句,如何区分呢?主要从以下两点来区分。
①根据上下文意义判断。“以便……”表示目的,是目的状语从句,“以致于……”,“结果……”表示结果,是结果状语从句。
②从结构形式上来分辨。so that前有逗号,为结果状语从句,反之,则为目的状语从句。有时,so that前无逗号,这里要看从句中有无can、could、may、might、will、would、should 等情态动词,如果有,则多是目的状语从句,若没有,则多是结果状语从句。