鬼魅都有哪些禁忌?

2025-03-01 18:26:43
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

鬼魅禁忌  民间虽然以为鬼是比人强大的,常常能作祟于阳世间,给人带来灾难,但同时也认为鬼是有所畏忌的。鬼对于它所害怕的事物也是采取避忌的态度的。   鬼忌阳光   中国民间有“阴阳”两界的说法。俗以为人生活在“阳间”,鬼生活在“阴间”。人死为鬼,亦即“归阴”;鬼还可转生为人(或其他动物),亦即“还阳”。人、鬼之间,虽然可以交往,如人梦中或灵魂出窍的时刻,可能会游历“阴曹地府”,到阴间去走一趟,鬼在夜晚或阴暗的地方也会偷偷地跑到阳间来作祟、为害一番。但是,一般说来,人、鬼是不能互相来往的。这里边一个大的界限和障碍就在于太阳。人在白天活动,在阳光下活动,而太阳却是鬼魂最害怕的东西,光天化日之下,一切鬼都没有躲藏的处所。所以在太阳将要出来时,鬼都要早早地逃匿而去了。   鬼忌火  火燃烧的时候,会发出火光。这种光亮和太阳的光亮很相似,只是没有太阳的光亮那?强烈。但对于鬼也有很大的威慑力量。据说人走夜路时,如遇到鬼怪,只要点燃一把火,就会把鬼吓跑的。没有火种时,就用手挠头发。据说头v里迸出的火星也有驱鬼避邪的能力。可见鬼是多?忌见火光了。民间还常用火烧的办法惩治恶鬼,睇〕j火能把恶鬼“烧死”。   鬼忌爆响   木头、竹子燃烧时,会发出“劈劈叭叭”的响声。据说这类响声也是鬼所忌怕的。民间驱鬼避邪时燃放爆竹、鞭炮、土火炮等,就是依据的这种俗信。   鬼忌红色   俗以为鬼不敢触碰红色的东西。民间常以红布、朱砂、动物的血液等物驱鬼避邪。   鬼忌灯  灯,是有光亮的,其作用有类似太阳的地方;旧时的灯,又是靠火光照亮的,所以它是鬼所忌讳的。   鬼忌铜  鄂伦春族以为鬼有躲开子弹的本领,但枪里装上铜扣子,鬼不能躲了。汉族旧时婚嫁,新妇上轿前,当胸要藏一面古铜镜,俗谓“照妖镜”。据说,有了这面镜子,一些妖魔鬼怪便不敢来侵犯她了。   鬼忌鸡鸣   俗谓鬼惧鸡,忌鸡鸣。据说,鬼闻鸡鸣会“缩短”、“迸失”、“心慑怖而皆惊”。此类信仰,大约是由“鸡鸣天亮”而来。鬼阴畏阳,鸡属阳,鸡鸣则日出,日出则鬼没。故云,鸡为鬼所忌。   鬼忌虎形   民间常画虎于门,或以虎形装饰儿童(穿虎头鞋,戴虎头帽),据说可以避邪驱鬼。可见在民间的想象中,鬼也像人一样惧怕老虎、避忌老虎。   鬼忌革带   旧时,丧葬不用革带。言鬼畏革带。畏则惩之。《无何集》不同意此说,引《瓮牖闲评》云:“夫人之死不系革带者,盖带乃牛革为之,不欲以人尸与牛革混杂耳,而非畏革带也。”   鬼忌桃木   民间习以桃木做成弓箭、刀、棒,用来避邪驱鬼。据信,鬼恶、惧桃木。   鬼忌芦索   旧时民间过年时垂苇索于门,冀以御凶驱鬼。《荆楚岁时记》云:“元旦悬苇索于门,百鬼皆畏之。”畏则忌近之。   鬼忌米  汉族民间以为小米有驱除鬼魅防避邪祟的作用。河北定县一带,产妇满月回娘家途中每过一个路口都要撒一把米。否则,以为会受到鬼魅的祟害。台湾一带,新娘下轿时,要由家人举八卦米筛盖在新娘头上方可进入厅堂,此亦是用与谷米有关的器物来避邪招福的习俗。小孩跌倒时,民间习以盐米撒在跌倒处,相信如此即能把祟害小译^倒的邪鬼赶走。撒盐米还能驱走土神,使眼疾痊愈。丧葬时撒了盐米之后,死者的鬼魂就不会加害扛棺的人了。江苏一带在“喊惊魂”的习俗中,也常用谷米作驱邪引魂的主要“道具”。可见,谷米是鬼魅所忌惮之物。   鬼忌豆  俗以为鬼忌豆类植物。云南民间喜用赤豆作饭。传说共工氏有不才子七人,死而为厉鬼,性畏赤豆。河北一带,新妇出嫁,须暗带许多黑豆,到婆家撒在宾客身上和屋子四周。据说可防凶星。腊月二十三,祭?后,人们喜用小红布袋装上?王爷前神马饲料中的黑豆,缝于腰间。据说可以驱鬼消灾。

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