推荐回答(1个)
海南省澄迈县桥头中心学校 王传阳
写作能力是语文素养的综合体现。在语文教学中,对教师而言,最难教的是作文。对学生来讲,最难写的也是作文。在作文教学过程中,学生往往望“文”生畏,不知写些什么,不知从何下笔。那么,教师应该如何消除学生的畏难心理,指导学生写好作文呢?下面浅谈自己的几点作法。一、激发兴趣,消除畏难心理兴趣是最好的老师。教师在写作教学中要创设良好的写作环境和活动情境,充分调动学生的感官,让学生听得到、看得见、亲身体验,触发学生写作灵感和兴趣,充分展示自己的思维能力和想象能力,张扬自己的个性。这样,学生在良好的心境下,思维就会活跃;感情才能真实,想象力才能丰富;个性才能发展,文章才能写得好。例如:我给学生布置了一篇写景的习作,然后,带着学生到校园外的一片田野里,让他们置身于大自然中,感受田野的美丽,田野的色彩……引导学生用心观察,用心感受,张开想象的翅膀。其次,给予适当的鼓励是学生写作的动力,能激发学生兴趣。教师平时可以跟学生亲切交谈和鼓励,多角度欣赏学生的文章,善于发现学生作文中的“亮点”,使学生不断获得成功感。这样,学生就不再感到写作文难,产生“我也能写好作文”的欲望,从而对作文产生兴趣,消除了学生的畏难心理。二、多读好书,读写结合“读书破万卷,下笔如有神。”是唐代伟大诗人杜甫的名句。这诗句指出了学习作文的有效途径——多读多写。莎士比亚说过这么一句话:“生活里没有书籍,就好比没有阳光;智慧里没有书籍,就好比鸟儿没有翅膀。”而作文来源于生活,阅读则是写作的基础。教师要多鼓励学生大量地阅读,同时拓宽课外阅读渠道。比如:向学生推荐一些经典名著、少儿读物、科学知识等方面的书。引导学生上网查阅资料,积极到图书馆博览群书。通过多读书,开阔了视野,增长了知识,写文章时就有话可说,有内容可写了。读也要跟写相结合。教师应要求学生在平时的读书中要注意好词佳句的积累,鼓励学生平时要养成写日记、读书笔记的习惯,把自己的所感所想记录下来,做到读写结合。三、用童心写真实、抒真情现在部分学生的作品实在太完美了,甚至还有点大作家的味道。但孩子毕竟是孩子,我觉得不应该让他们失掉应有的纯真。儿童作品应有儿童的特色。少年志成不见得是坏事,但满篇老气横秋的口吻倒显得有点做作之感。叶圣陶先生说过:“生活充实,才会表达出、抒发出真实的深厚的情思来。”教师应引导学生选择自己熟悉的生活,也就是自己看到的、听到的、想到的来写。《语文课程标准》也指出:“写作要感情真挚,力求表达自己对自然、社会、人生的独特感受和真切体验。”我曾看过一位小朋友写的一首题为《长颈鹿》的诗:长颈鹿妈妈的脖子真长就像长颈鹿的妈妈你是要到银河去喝水吃星星组成的银树叶吗读了这首诗,你会觉得这位小朋友太天真、太可爱了,太富有想象力了,用她纯真的童心表达了她的真情实感。又如:我教六年级的一篇习作为《啊!我发现了……》时,在课堂上,我让学生先说说自己的小发现。有的同学说:“我发现了蚂蚁是怎样搬家的。”有的说:“我发现了一个秘密。”有个学生却说:“我发现了老师的两颗牙齿掉了。”的确,我少了两颗牙齿。平时不易察觉,只有笑起来的时候才会暴露。他这么一说,惹得学生满堂哄笑。但我并不介意,我也笑了。很多学生也大胆地说出了自己的发现。学生的顽皮,率真,使整个课堂变得轻松活跃起来。于是,我因势利导,鼓励学生将自己看到的和想到的及时写下来,学生都写得很顺手。特别是发现我牙齿掉了的那位同学,把如何发现我的牙齿掉了的过程真实详细地写了出来,着实把我“开刷”了一下。所以写作文就要让学生说真话吐真言,表达生活中的真实感受,使学生的作文个性化。这样,学生写出来的文章就会闪现出真、朴、美的光彩。总之,指导学生写作文的方法是很多的,但只要写作教学贴近学生实际,让学生易于动笔,乐于表达,用自己的心声写文章,相信学生的写作兴趣会越来越浓,水平会越来越提高。文章来
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