大明重臣洪承畴降清是庄妃色诱吗?

2025-03-03 23:19:30
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

据说,还在松山城中时,就曾经有人劝说洪承畴投降,被他坚决拒绝。因叛将献城而被俘后,洪承畴绝食数日,拒不肯降。但他虽是大明的重臣,最终降清,且为清朝定鼎中原立下汗马功劳已是不争的事实。求死和求降的转变是怎么完成的呢?在劝降洪承畴的多个版本中,庄妃色诱最为桃色,究竟有几分可信度呢?洪承畴与庄妃(资料拼凑图) 松山兵败,洪承畴被押解到盛京后,关在皇宫内的三官庙里。他已经下了必死的决心,每天披头散发,光着脚,不吃不喝,对皇太极骂不绝口。皇太极不仅不生气,还动员了盛京城中所有能动员的力量前去劝降,这其中大部分是洪承畴以往在明朝的同事们,让他们现身说法。其中就有大名鼎鼎的范文程。范文程至,洪承畴则大肆咆哮,而范文程百般忍耐,不提招降之事,与他谈古论今,同时悄悄地察言观色。谈话之间,梁上落下来一块燕泥,掉在洪承畴的衣服上。洪承畴一面说话,一面“屡拂拭之”。范文程不动声色,告辞出来,回奏太宗:“承畴不会死,这种时候,他连衣服尚且爱惜,何况生命呢。”当夜,皇太极的妃子庄妃娘娘出场了。她携人参汤到洪承畴的居所,见洪承畴闭目面壁,毫不理睬。庄妃娇嗔地说道:“洪将军,您对大明江山如此赤胆忠心,实在令人敬佩。将军即使绝食,难道就不喝口水而后就义吗?将军,您还是喝一口吧!”洪承畴望着这迷人秀色,听着这温柔劝话,闻着这诱人香味,顿时心神激荡。美人不断劝饮,同时以壶承其唇。洪承畴不知这“水”是人参汤,便出乎意料地喝了一口。丽人又如此再劝,洪承畴竟连饮了几口。洪承畴只觉下腹燥热难当,忍不住便胡天胡地起来。庄妃的所言所行,唤起了洪承畴对女人的思念,对生的留恋,他决心不再去死……至于堂堂大清的皇妃怎么能随便委身他人?这个听来荒唐的传说之所以能够流传开来和历史上满蒙部族在对待两性关系上的观念、风俗不无关系。在那些充满生机与活力的部族中,如果一位女性能够把一个英雄收服过来的话,不但不会受到族人的鄙视,相反,她也会像英雄一样受到大家的爱戴与尊敬。笔者以为,关于这个传说,来自于野史,可信有多大不好说,这种桃色事件,即便真有其事,对于已经入主中原的满人来说,能写在正史上吗?再说,特别喜欢搞“文字狱”满清政府面前,谁有胆量造这种谣呢?另一劝降传说。据说洪承畴被俘后,绝食九日,只求速死。皇太极见劝降无效,又爱惜他是一个人才,就将他放了。但在洪承畴入关途中,遇见了一个家中的仆人,这位仆人告诉他:现在明朝上下都以为他已在松山会战中战死,如果他活着回去,而“所统三军俱没,地方俱失”,朝廷定会问罪,到时死的就不是他一个人了,他的妻子儿女都将受到牵连。洪承畴进退两难,犹豫再三,决定返回盛京,归降皇太极。有人说这个传说的可信度最高,但在我看来,最不靠谱的就是这个传说。以洪承畴的精明难道还不知道他原来的主子崇祯吗?他难道不知道回去后,决无好果子吃吗?再说,像洪承畴这样的人才,作为政治家的皇太极,不可不考虑“放虎归山”的后果,他宁愿将洪承畴杀死,也不会将其释放为他人所用。不错,洪承畴本是经过心理挣扎才投降清朝的。他是明朝能臣,位高权重,口碑也不错,既为皇帝倚重,也受同僚和部下的推崇爱戴。他儒学根底深厚,自然知道纲常伦理,重视个人名节。被俘之初,他不发一言,对来劝降的人闭目不见,只求速死。那么洪承畴求死和求降的转变是怎么完成的呢?首先,洪承畴并没有必死之心,这一点范文程已经观察到了。洪对人世有深深的留恋。从小,洪承畴就立志要治国平天下,从政后事业心很重。他办事务实狠辣,涉猎广阔。被俘时,洪承畴50岁,身体还很好,能力卓越,政治经验丰富,正处于迎接事业新辉煌的关键时刻。原本想着大干一场,突然成了阶下囚,洪承畴不甘心。其次,皇太极很赞同范文程对洪承畴的判断,希望招降为己所用。良禽择木而栖。崇祯和皇太极相比,崇祯乖戾多动、政无定法、吝啬多疑,政治上极不成熟;皇太极则稳重厚道,文韬武略远在崇祯之上,他统率的清王朝朝气蓬勃,正处于茁壮成长时期。回想崇祯皇帝治下明朝臣子的遭遇(比如袁崇焕、孙传庭),再看看皇太极治下清朝百官的状态和前途,洪承畴的心理天平开始朝皇太极和清王朝一边倾斜了。其三,就算庄妃色诱劝降有猜度的色彩,皇太极对洪承畴备加关照,恩遇礼厚是真。《清史稿》载:皇太极亲自来到三官庙看望洪承畴,并脱下身上的貂裘披在他的身上,亲切地说:“先生不会感到冷吧?”洪承畴望着皇太极许久,终于长叹了一口气,说:“你是真命天子啊! ”归降了清朝。后来,当得知那天夜里把壶劝饮的丽人是当今皇上最宠爱的庄妃时,洪承畴不胜惶恐。可是皇太极和庄妃待他态度如常,好象根本没有发生此事一般。洪承畴越发感激,死心踏地为清效劳。明末读书人热衷党争,党同伐异之风一直持续到南明也没有停止。洪承畴相比那些空谈纲常伦理实则误国祸民的读书人,孰高孰低不用我多说。假如公正地评判,相信大多数人会原谅洪承畴们的背叛,因为他们所背叛的朝廷,已经失去了天道和民心。两年后,清军大举入关。在平定中原、江南和西南地区的进程中,洪承畴发挥了巨大的作用,反证出皇太极宽广的心胸和敏锐的政治眼光。可惜,人们习惯于用“忠与奸”、“好与坏”的两极化标准来评价历史人物。简单化的评价标准让洪承畴的最后岁月都笼罩在屈辱和尴尬之中。不仅如此,洪承畴既受到明朝遗民的强烈排斥,也没有真正被清朝接受。他经历了皇太极、多尔衮、顺治和康熙四个时期都无任何实权,备受冷落,不得不奏请退休。他牺牲名节、效力二十年、几经大战引导清朝坐稳江山,只换来了小小的轻车都尉。乾隆帝因洪承畴为叛明降清的人,列入《清史·贰臣传》,但因其功大,列于贰臣甲等。可见,新朝对于旧朝官员来说,在好也好到哪里去!作者:闹市一博

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