硅油风扇是怎么工作的,及原理?

2025-01-24 13:54:06
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

一、 采用风扇离合器的目的风扇是发动机功率的消耗者,最大时约为发动机功率的10%。为了降低风扇功率消耗,减少噪声和磨损,防止发动机过冷,降低污染,节约燃料,多采用风扇离合器。二、 硅油风扇离合器的结构1) 硅油风扇离合器由前盖、壳体、主动板、从动板、阀片、主动轴、双金属感温器、阀片轴、轴承、风扇等组成。如下图所示。2) 前盖、壳体和从动板用螺钉组成一体,通过轴承装在主动轴上。风扇装在壳体上。从动板与前盖之间的空腔为贮油腔,其内装有硅油(油面低于轴中心线),从动板与壳体之间的空腔为工作腔。主动板与主动轴固定连接,主动轴与水泵轴连接。从动板上有进油孔A,平时由阀片关闭,若偏转阀片,则进油孔即可打开。阀片的偏转螺旋双金属感温器控制,从动板上有凸台限制阀片最大偏转角。双金属感温器的外端固定在前盖上,内端卡在阀片轴的槽内。从动板外缘有回油孔B,中心有漏油孔C,以防静态时从阀片轴周围泄漏硅油。

三、 图:硅油风扇离合器示意图 四、 硅油风扇离合器的工作原理1) 当发动机冷起动或小负荷下工作时,冷却水及通过散热器的气流温度不高,进油孔被阀片关闭,工作腔内无硅油,离合器处于分离状态。主动轴转动时,仅仅由于密封毛毡圈和轴承的摩擦,使风扇随同壳体在主动轴上空转打滑,转速极低。2) 当发动机负荷增加时,冷却液和通过散热器的气流温度随之升 高,感温器受热变形而带动阀片轴及阀片转动。当流经感温器的气流温度超过338K(3) 为不使工作腔中的硅油温度过高,粘度下降,使硅油在壳体内不断循环。由于主动板转速高于从动板,因此受离心力作用从主动板甩向工作腔外缘的油液压力比贮油腔外缘的油压力高,油液从工作腔经回油孔B流向贮油腔,而贮油腔又经进油孔A及时向工作腔补充油液。为使硅油从工作腔流回贮油腔的速度加快,缩短风扇脱开时间,在从动板8的回油孔B旁,有一个刮油突起部伸入工作腔缝隙内,使回油孔一侧压力增高,回油加快。五、 当发动机负荷减小,流经感温器的气体温度低于308K(65℃)时,进油孔被完全打开,于是硅油从贮油腔进入工作腔。硅油十分粘稠,主动板即可利用硅油的粘性带动壳体和风扇转动。此时风扇离合器处于接合状态,风扇转速迅速提高。

35℃)时,感温器恢复原状,阀片将进油孔关闭,工作腔中油液继续从回油孔流回贮油腔,直至甩空为止。风扇离合器又回到分离状态。

六、 故障应急措施:行驶途中,若硅油风扇离合器因故障(如漏油等)时,可松开内六角螺钉,把锁止板的销插入主动板孔中,再拧紧螺钉,使壳体与主动轴连成一体,但此时只靠销传动,不能长期使用。

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