内部场强:E1 = q r / (4π ε0 R^3) , (r <= R)
外部场强:E2 = q / (4π ε0 r^2) , (r > R)
内部电场能量
We1 = ∫(0→R) 1/2 ε0 E^2 dV
= ∫(0→R) 1/2 ε0 q^2 r^2 / (4π ε0 R^3)^2 4π r^2 dr
= q^2 / (40π ε0 R)
外部电场能量
We2 = ∫(R→∞) 1/2 ε0 E2^2 dV
= ∫(R→∞) 1/2 ε0 q^2 / (4π ε0 r^2)^2 4π r^2 dr
= q^2 / (8π ε0 R)
总电场能量
We = We1 + We2 = 3 q^2 / (20π ε0 R)