基于plc机械手自动操作控制系统设计

2025-03-01 10:19:19

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回答1：

摘要

在工业生产和其他领域内，由于工作的需要，人们经常受到高温、腐蚀及有毒气体等因素的危害，增加了工人的劳动强度，甚至于危及生命。自从机械手问世以来，相应的各种难题迎刃而解。机械手可在空间抓、放、搬运物体，动作灵活多样，适用于可变换生产品种的中、小批量自动化生产，广泛应用于柔性自动线。机械手一般由耐高温，抗腐蚀的材料制成，以适应现场恶劣的环境，大大降低了工人的劳动强度，提高了工作效率。机械手是工业机器人的重要组成部分，在很多情况下它就可以称为工业机器人。工业机器人是集机械、电子、控制、计算机、传感器、人工智能等多学科先进技术于一体的现代制造业重要的自动化装备。广泛采用工业机器人，不仅可以提高产品的质量与产量，而且对保障人身安全，改善劳动环境，减轻劳动强度，提高劳动生产率，节约原材料消耗以及降低生产成本，有着十分重要的意义。

本设计所用机械部件有滚珠丝杠、滑轨、气控机械抓手等。电气方面有可编程控制器（PLC）、编程器、步进电机、步进电机驱动器、直流电机、光电传感器、开关电源、电磁阀、旋转码盘、操作台等部件。可编程控制器发出两路脉冲到步进电机驱动器，分别驱动横轴、竖轴的步进电机运转；直流电机拖动底座和手爪的旋转；接近开关、微动开关、旋转码盘将位置信号反馈给主机，由主机发出指令来实现对手臂的伸缩、上下、转动位置的控制；主机发信号到气动电磁阀，以控制手爪的张合来抓放物体。本设计可根据工件的变化及运动流程的要求随时更改相关参数，具有很大的灵活性和可操作性。

关键词：可编程控制器；机械手；步进电机；步进驱动器；脉冲；传感器；直流电机Abstract

In the industrial production and other fields, people often endangered by such factors as high temperature, corrode, poisonous gas and so forth at work, which have increased labor intensity and even jeopardized the life sometimes. The corresponding problems are solved since the robot arm comes out. The robot arms can catch, put and carry objects, and its movements are flexible and diversified. It applies to medium and small-scale automated production in which production varieties can be switched. And it is widely used on soft automatic line. The robot arms are generally made by withstand high temperatures, resist corrosion of materials to adapt to the harsh environment. So they reduced the labor intensity of the workers significantly and raised work efficiency. The robot arm is an important component of industrial robots, and it can be called industrial robots on many occasions. Industrial robot is set machinery, electronics, control, computers, sensors, artificial intelligence and other advanced technologies in the integration of multidisciplinary important modern manufacturing equipment. Widely using industrial robots, not only can improve product quality and production, but also is of great significance for physical security protection, improvement of the environment for labor, reducing labor intensity, improvement of labor productivity, raw material consumption savings and lowering production costs.

There are such mechanical components as ball footbridge, slides, an air control mechanical hand and so on in the design. A programmable controller, a programming device, stepping motors, stepping motors drives, direct current motors, sensor, switch power supply, an electromagnetism valve and control desk are used in electrical connection. The programmable controller output two lines pulses to stepping motors drives to drive the two stepping motors drives on beam and vertical axis; direct current motors drive the rotation of the base and the hand; sensors send signals of location to the mainframe, and the mainframe sends directive to control the extension and contraction, up and down, moves location; the mainframe send signals to control the opening and closing of the hand to carry objects. Related parameters can be changed according to request of the changes of the objects and movement flow at any time change the relevant parameters in the design, so it has great flexibility and operability.Key words: Programmable controller; Robot arm; Stepping motor; Stepping motors drive; Pulse; Sensor；Direct current motor

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