高中英语虚拟语气整理

2025-02-08 23:42:25

推荐回答（1个）

回答1：

一、在非正式条件句中的运用
1. 构成
if 从句

主句

与现在事实相反

动词过去式或were

would / should / could / might + 动词原形

与过去事实相反

had+过去分词

would/should /could/might+ have
+过去分词

未来实现的可能性较小

should/were to+原形
动词过去式或were

would / should / could / might + 动词原形

If the Watergate Incident had not occurred, Nixon would not have resigned.
If the cover should have a crack in it, the harmful gas would come out and cause pollution.
If there were no gravity, we should not be able to walk.
If man were to solve this complicated problem, it would take him more than a month to get the result.
2. 连词if的省略。在正式文体中，引导非真实条件句的连词if可省略，were, had, should等助动词提到从句句首，形成倒装结构。
My cat wouldn’t have bitten the toy fish had she known it was made of rubber.
Were it to rain tomorrow, I would have to stay at home.
Should he come here tomorrow, John would bring you what you have been expecting.
Were I in your place, I wouldn’t do that.
3．含蓄条件。有些句子的假设不用if引导，而是隐含在诸如without, but for, but that, or, otherwise等介词、副词引起的短语或从句中。如：
Without electricity human life would be different today.
But for your help, we couldn’t have finished it so quickly.
I was ill that day, otherwise I would have taken part in the party.
I ought to have remembered to tell them the decision this morning, but I was so busy that I forgot to do so.
4. 错综时间。在非真实条件句中，主句和从句的动作不是发生在同一时间，须根据意思采用表示不同时间的动词形式。如：
If you had taken your medicine yesterday, you would be well now.
Today the Tennessee Valley is one of the richest areas in the world. But if things had been left as they were, it would now be a desert.
二、虚拟语气在其他情况下的运用
在wish所带的宾语从句中的运用。表示实现可能性极小或与事实相反的情况。有三种情况，列表如下
宾语从句

同时的情况

wish
wished

过去式
were

先于的情况

wish
wished

had + 过去分词

将来的愿望

wish
wished

would / could + 动词原形

I wished he had taken my advice.
I wish I could have time to go to London with you next month.
I wish I knew as much as you do.
2. If only 感叹句型及as if/as though引导的从句中的动词形式与wish所带的宾语从句中的形式相同。
If only I had taken his advice.
He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened.
3. 在表示建议、要求、命令等的从句中的运用。其形式常为should +动词原形或省略should的动词原形。
(1)用在宾语从句中。在suggest, propose, demand, command, order, insist, urge, require, request, advise, desire, recommend等动词后的宾语从句中。
I would like to propose that for sixty minutes each evening, all television broadcasting be prohibited by law.
The general commanded that we retreat at once.
(2)用在主语从句中。该结构通常为It is +形容词或过去分词+主语从句。此类形容词或过去分词有：essential, vital, necessary, urgent, desirable, advisable, demanded, suggested, ordered等。
It’s necessary that you be present at the meeting.
[注意]在It is a shame /shameful /a pity /pitiful+主语从句的结构中，主语从句中的助动词should不能省略，在该情况下，should表示“居然”、“竟然”。
It is pitiful that he should not be elected chairman.
(3)用在表语从句或同位语从句中。常用的这类名词有：advice, proposal, motion, suggestion, demand, preference等。
My proposal is that the dispute be settled by peaceful means.
4.在in case, for fear that, lest从句中的运用。表示“以防”、“以免”，动词用should+动词原形，或直接加动词原形。
She put a blank over the baby for fear that she should catch cold.
Take an umbrellas with you lest it rain.
5.在would rather, would as soon, would sooner 和would prefer 后的宾语从句中的运用，表示“宁愿”，从句动词用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成式表示过去的情况。如：
I’d rather he painted the door blue.
6. It is (about/high) time +从句中的运用。表示该做而未做的事，并含有建议之意。从句中动词一般用过去式。如：
It’s high time that he studied hard.

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