推荐回答(2个)
安然事件对我国注册会计师行业的启示
1、鼓励和引导我国会计师事务所发展咨询等非审计服务。目前,我国会计师事务所的服务结构基本上是单一的审计服务,此种服务结构不仅没有带来审计的高独立性,而且也不利于事务所的稳定和长远发展。中国加入WTO后国内会计市场的竞争必然会日益激烈,国际会计师事务所带来的竞争压力日渐增强。另外,补充审计全面铺开以后,国际所对国内所的最大冲击将不是审计服务市场,而应是咨询等非审计服务市场。与国际“五大”相比,国内事务所在咨询等方面的非审计服务与审计服务相比差距更为巨大。毫无疑问,“五大”或“四大”在提供补充审计的过程中,将轻易进入国内上市公司咨询服务这块巨大市场。因此,国内所必须扩宽业务范围,以进一步壮大实力,增强竞争能力,应对未来市场的变化,迎接WTO的挑战与机遇。
2、同时还要加强对非审计服务的监管。(1)有效发挥上市公司审计委员会的作用。最近中国证监会和国家经贸委联合出台的《上市公司治理准则》规定上市公司应设立审计委员会,但其五项主要职责中没有规定审查外部审计师独立性的内容,因此还有待进一步完善此方面的规定。(2)加强行业自律监管作用,完善注册会计师独立性行业自律制度,研究细化注册会计师职业道德准则,加强对独立性的行业监管。随着近年来会计审计行业丑闻的不断发生,人们越来越呼唤诚信。注册会计师作为市场主体诚信的受托人,与企业签订的审计业务约定书,实质上是一份向全社会承诺的诚信契约书,不仅要对市场的主体----企业负责,更重要的是要对最终收益者----社会公众负责。注册会计师的产品就是诚信,应加强市场经济是一种诚信经济的教育。(3)充分发挥联合监管和社会监督的作用。例如,有关部门在要求会计师事务所披露上市公司审计服务收费标准外,还可适当考虑增加披露非审计服务收费以及审计师轮换的要求,如果定时轮换会计师事务所的内部审计小组,可防止审计师与客户的关系过于熟稔。安达信为安然提供了16年的审计服务,他们之间建立了过于亲密的关系:对于安达信的雇员来说,想升迁,就要取悦它的大客户。所以,事务所通常夸耀的自己为某一客户提供了多么久的服务,其实这正是监管者和投资者应该加以警惕的
这几年来,美国资本市场出现了一系列财务丑闻,安然、环球电讯、世界通信、施乐等一批企业巨擘纷纷承认存在财务舞弊,在美国资本市场上引起轩然大波,一批大的上市公司遭投资者抛弃,宣布破产。这些企业的造假行为不仅欺骗了投资者,也使自己付出了沉重的代价,同时,损害了资本市场的秩序,给美国经济造成了重大的影响。这些企业的舞弊行为目的不同,手段各异,其中安然公司的财务舞弊事件比较典型,影响也比较大。这是因为,一是安然事件是这次美国资本市场舞弊风波的发端,二是安然公司从成长到破产,一直吸引美国媒体的关注和公众的视线,三是安然事件的发生导致世界著名的会计公司——安达信公司解体。因此,研究安然事件,不仅可以了解美国上市公司如何造假,美国资本市场存在哪些缺陷,对我国资本市场的完善和发展也有一定的借鉴作用。
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