宋史 朱熹传翻译

2024-12-02 15:56:14
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

  朱熹,字元晦,徽州婺源人。父松字乔年,中进士第。熹幼颖悟,甫能言,父指天示之曰: “天也”-熹问曰:“天之上何物?”松异之。年十八贡于乡,中绍兴十八年进士第。淳熙五年,除知南康军。至郡,兴利除害,值岁不雨,讲求荒政,多所全活。讫事,奏乞依格推赏纳粟人。间诣郡学。引进士子与之讲论。

【】  朱熹,字元晦,徽州婺源人。父亲名松字乔年,考取过进士。朱熹自幼聪慧丽思路敏捷,刚会说话时,他的父亲指着天对他说:“这是天。”朱熹问:“天的上面是什么?”朱松大为惊奇。十八岁参加乡贡考试,后考中绍兴十八年进士。淳熙五年,朱熹受命掌管南康军。到任后,兴利除弊,正值当地一年不下雨,他十分重视抗灾救民的措施,很多百姓得以保全性命。事情结束后,朱熹上表奏乞请按照规定的标准奖赏献粮救灾的人。他还不时到州郡的学校去,召集学生给他们讲学。
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  会浙东大饥,宰相王淮奏改熹提举浙东常平茶盐公事,即日单车就道。朱熹始拜命,即移书他郡.募米商,蠲其征。及至,则客舟之米已辐凑。熹日钩访民隐,按行晰境内.单车屏徒从,所至人不及知。郡县官吏惮其风采,至自引去,所部肃然。凡丁钱、役法之政,有下便于民者,悉厘而革之。于救荒之余,随事处画,必为经久之计。

【】  当时浙东发生大饥荒,他被改任为提举浙东常平茶盐公事,当天就轻车上路。朱熹刚一接受任命,就立刻给其他州郡写信,召集米商,免除他们的商税,等朱熹到达浙东,外地商船运来的粮食已经聚集了很多。朱熹每日查访民情,到州县巡行考察,单车独行,不带随从,所到之地,人们都来不及知道他已来到。郡县的官吏害怕他的严峻的作风,有的甚至弃官离去,辖区之内,秩序肃然。所有丁钱、役法这类规定条款,如对百姓不利,他全部整理出来加以革除。朱熹在赈济灾荒之余,还按照实际进行规划,一定为百姓做长远的打算。
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  有短熹者,谓其蔬于为政。上谓王淮日:“朱熹政事却有可观。”光宗即位,改知漳州。奏除属县无名之赋七百万。以习俗未知礼,采古丧葬嫁娶之仪,揭以示之,命父老解说,以教子弟。常病经界不行之害,乃访事宜,择人物及方量之法上之。有旨先行漳州经界。

【】  有人毁谤朱熹,说他政务荒疏,皇上对王淮日:“朱熹政绩却是大有可观啊。”光宗即位后,朱熹被调任到漳州。他上奏请求免除漳州属县的无名的赋税七百万贯。又认为当地的风俗不合礼仪,采录古代丧葬嫁娶之礼仪,公布于众,让人们熟知,并命令父老讲解,用来教导子弟。朱熹还常因为经界法不能实行而忧虑,于是认真考察有关事宜,选拔人才,指定丈量土地的方法,写成奏章上报给朝廷。皇上降旨,让他先在漳州实行经界法。
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  熹登第五十年,仕于外者仅九考,立朝才四十日。家故贫,箪瓢屡空,晏如也。诸生之自远而至者.豆饭藜羹,率与之共。往往称贷于人以给用,而非其道义则一介不取也。其为学,大抵穷理以致其知,反躬以践其实。尝谓圣贤道统之传散在方册,圣经之旨不明,而道统之传始晦。于是竭其精力,以研究圣贤之经训。所著书皆行于世。熹没,朝廷以其《大学》、《语》、<孟》、《中庸》训说立于学官。平生为文凡一百卷,生徒问答凡八十卷,别录十卷。

【】  朱熹在考中进士的五十年里,外地做官只有九年,在朝中做官才四十日。家境一向贫寒。以至常常断粮,但他却能安然处之。有的学生从远方来向他请教,他就用豆饭藜汤来招待,并和他们一起吃饭。朱熹常需向别人借贷才能维持生活,但是,对于不合道义的钱,却一分不取。朱熹做学问,大致通过深入探究事物的“理”来获取知识,要求自己亲自通过实践来履行知识的实际效用。他曾说过,古代圣贤的思想学说流散在典籍之中,由于圣贤经书的宗旨没有阐明,圣贤思想学说的传授也就含混隐晦。于是,朱熹竭尽精力,深入探究圣贤的思想准则。他所写的书在世上广泛流传。朱熹死后,朝廷把他的《大学》、《论语》、《孟子》、《中庸》作注的书作为学校的教材。朱熹一生写的文章共一百卷,他的学生的问答一共八十卷.还有别录十卷。
-------------【】后为译文。

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