推荐回答(2个)
四分卫(Quarterback,战术布置中的代号为QB)是美式足球(又称美式橄榄球)和加拿大式足球中的一个战术位置。四分卫是进攻组的一员,排在中锋的后面、进攻阵型的中央。他通常是临场指挥的领袖,大部分的进攻由他发动,并有责任在大部分的进攻前发出暗号。 四分卫通常是除了中锋以外第一个接触球的人。接到中锋发球后,他可以递传、抛长传给跑卫、近端峰和外接员,或自己持球冲锋。传球和冲锋都擅长的四分卫通常被称为双料四分卫(dual-threat quarterback)。词语来源
“四分卫”这一个名词来自于苏格兰式橄榄球(Scottish Rugby),在后卫之中,根据他们与前锋之间的习惯距离,命名为“四分卫”(Quarterback,四分之一)、“半卫”(Halfback)和“全卫”(Fullback)。通常四分卫接开球后把球传给另一名队员进攻或自己带球向前推进。如果四分卫被阻截放倒(tackle)就被称作擒杀(sack)。
位置与作用
一般情况下,四分卫列队于中锋的后方,距离攻击线1码半左右。他是球队进攻的大脑,整个攻击体系的中心,所有进攻战术均通过他传达到场上。同时他们也是传球进攻的发起者,精准的长传会瞬间改变比赛。
四分卫如何发挥
通常四分卫将双手张开放在中锋靠近臀部的两腿之间,待接到了发球以后便迅速倒退,然后由他来主导进攻。因此他是攻方的灵魂人物,必须要非常地精明。他要能精准地将球抛传给接球手(receivers),要能迅速地移位以闪避防守球员的拦截,要能看出攻守阵式优势的此消彼长而且在发球前通过喊暗号(audible)的方式来改变进攻的策略,要能稳当地将球递给将要持球冲锋的球员(一般是将球放在跑者的腹部位置并迅速地让开),必要时甚至还得替队友做阻挡。所以四分卫是进攻组中最难担任的一个技术职务(skilled position)。
有时四分卫自己也会持球冲锋,不过出现的情况不多,通常是为了要将球往前推进1码左右的短距离,这叫做四分卫袭进(quarterback sneak)。
在某些情况下,四分卫会列队在中锋后7码处后卫(Tailback,TB) 的位置,而形成了所谓的“霰弹枪阵式”(shotgun formation),这多半是将要采取抛传长球的进攻方式。
四分卫在美式橄榄球中的位置就好像篮球中的控球后卫,要有很好的观察比赛的能力和传球能力。
1、通常四分位是攻方队长。四分位就像是部队里的少尉,他必须带领球队执行教练所布置的战术,有些时候,四分卫也会根据场上的情况对教练达到布置进行变动,例如,当对方防守已经识破了进攻战术时,四分卫会说被察觉,然后迅速改变为其他战术。
2、当四分卫给出明确口令时,球会被递到四分卫手中,于此同时一场功防开始展开。因为通常情况下球都是由四分位传出,所以四分卫必须拥有很好的投掷和递传技术,同时四分卫又必须拥有较快的速度和灵敏的身法,以便在将球传出之前躲避对方防守队员的截杀(在球传出前,对方的防守队员的目标只有一个人——四分卫)。
3、 四分卫必须足够强壮来抵抗与对方防守队员身体接触。另外四分位必须思维敏捷,在短时间内做出决定,将球传出(在比赛中,会有各种情况会发生)。在比赛中如果球不是由四分传出,那么四分卫在这档进攻中接任何向前的传球——进攻传球,向对方阵地方向的进攻
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