推荐回答(2个)

正雷太极书院张晋僖老师拳照
练太极如何松肩怎样松肩
肩是松沉的第一关卡,沉肩墬肘大家都耳熟能详,但是後面还有一句就是(沉肩,墬肘)提腕,坐腕,跟立掌劲透指,为何呢?因为手掌是上半身劲的出口,如果肩没有松透的话劲就无法贯串出去,如此就会僵硬,一般为了要掩饰此一缺奌变成了慢慢来,比手划脚的太极拳,这是错的,太极拳要能慢能快才对。
沉肩坠肘,是太极拳对上肢运动状态的基本要求,要做到这一点,其本质在于肩胛骨的松沉与外展,也就是说只要肩胛骨沉降外展,自然就一定是“沉肩坠肘”。肩胛骨的基本运动为上提、下沉、内对缩、外展四种,所谓力走后背,实际就是指腰腿部大肌肉群发力时,力沿脊柱上传,至肩胛骨部,通过肩胛骨的支撑传导作用(肩胛骨处在沉下外展状态),传递给臂、手。要求在发力之前手臂先到,所谓稍节起,根节催。
“松肩”,但“肩”的问题不要多问、也别多想,记着“松”这个大要领,先站去。松肩涉及的要素太多,说不明白,越说越糊涂。其实就是耗的肌肉没劲了,筋就抻开了,筋一开就不用别人给讲了,自己就明白了。如果能把肩松下来,手就沉了,这是个标准。利用手的沉劲,进一步松肩,慢慢就把颈、背的筋腱抻开了。这样劲才能顺着脊椎沉下去,然后才能谈到练腰。

正雷太极书院张晋僖老师授课中
在盘拳架时,“上盘”(肩)始终要松沉、虚腋,与“肘”相随,与“顶劲”配合,与“开胸开背”协作。
“肩”要松沉,就须“虚腋”,不“虚腋”,双臂就会贴着躯干,僵硬劲去不掉,使得内气受阻。肩的放松,须与肘相随;肘的曲坠,可以加大肩松的程度,使之达到松沉境地。尤须注意的是,要与“顶劲”配合,与“顶劲”配合起来,才能体现出轻灵劲势,否则,就会导致“上盘神不顶,一身难轻灵”的毛病。这里,要特别留神,“顶劲”时,“肩”不能相随俱上(相随俱上是拙力,或叫生活习惯用力);相反,肩要松沉,肘要曲坠,劲向底下,这样,有顶有沉,有上有下,对拔对拉,就出现一种伸展虚灵劲势。再就是与“开胸开背”协作好,因为,两臂与胸背相连,与“开胸开臂”协作好,可增大两臂的灵活性,增强两臂的气感;在与“开胸开背”协作,并侧重“开背”的同时,结合“顶劲”,“拔”背(一种劲道)的感觉,就明显地出来了。这些与肩直接相关的部位配合得越充分,肩(上盘)的作用就发挥得越充分。

正雷太极书院张晋僖老师拳照
三种可随时随地单独练习的松肩方法
第一种练法是用意念放松“肩井穴”,忘掉肩关节,想象肩胛骨与锁骨分开而下沉。
第二种练法是用意念去指挥着锁骨,通过锁骨的两边对拉松开肩胛骨,自然的就出现了沉肩的效果。
第三种练法是意念从肩井穴一直放松到肘关节上的麻经穴。平时骑电动车、坐或者站立的时候,想起,就练一练,通常肩背会酸痛,过后有一种舒适感。有一回购物回来等电梯的时候,东西太重了,腰酸背痛胸闷的,忽然有了灵感,我把东西分两边手拿,意念松开胸膛、松肩,忘掉两条手臂,任由两边手的东西重量自然往下坠,想象这下坠的重量把手臂拉长拉长,无限拉长到地底深处,腰酸背痛胸闷居然缓解了很多。

正雷太极书院张晋僖老师授课中
这三种方法在练习桩功的时候一起练效果很好。练弓步桩的时候,觉得身势不够松沉,我特别留意用意念松肩。起初没有什么感觉,意想一阵后,肩井穴处开始发凉,凉凉的很舒服,这种感觉后来扩展到整个肩部,配合着气沉丹田把身势松沉下去,只觉得肩部好像空掉了;弓步桩也坚持了比较久,并开始有一种说不出的舒适感;当身势靠脚底的蹬力起来时,容易身上使劲,这时意想肩胛骨和锁骨分开下沉或者用意念去指挥着锁骨向两边对拉松开肩胛骨,或是意念从肩井穴一直放松到肘关节上的麻经穴,都可以帮助丹田气下沉、肩以下保持松沉,而仅依靠脚底的蹬力起来。此后,只要练桩功的时候松沉不下去,或者坚持不下去的时候,我都会意想松肩坠肘,通常都会有不同程度的效果。
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