用英文介绍俄罗斯的国家历史、文化、风土人情等

中文:俄罗斯独特的民俗风情"英文在下面喔"

俄罗斯人对酒怀有一种特殊的情结。女士们一般喜欢喝香槟酒和果酒，而伏特加则是男士们的至爱。俄罗斯人喜欢喝纯粹的白酒，并喜欢大杯大杯地豪饮下去。这是他们豪爽浪漫、不拘小节性格的反映。

俄罗斯有用面包和盐迎接贵客的习惯。一进酒店，就见两个象从童话里走出来的盛装俄罗斯姑娘款款走上前，她们亲切地行礼，然后递给你一块圆面包，面包上边放着一个小盐缸。您撕下一小块面包，沾上盐吃了。用面包和盐接待客人，是因为盐在历史上是很昂贵的，沿袭至今，表示对贵客的友好和尊重。

套偶或套娃是俄罗斯最典型、最普及的民间工艺品之一。套偶是用彩色油漆加以描绘，大多穿传统的俄罗斯民间服饰，包着头巾，提着小花篮，煞是鲜艳可爱。套娃的价格随着木头的质量和制作工艺的精细程度不同，便宜的有1至3美元。

俄罗斯的人名常常令中国人头痛，俄罗斯的姓名全部由名字，父称和姓三部分组成，又有小名，爱称和呢称，名字相当于中国人的大名，即正式名字。大名与小名，爱称是相互对应的。在实际交流中，直呼大名是非常必要的。苏联时期，最常用的称呼是同志和公民，而如今，男士和女士则是常用的，“母申娜”即男人，男士的读音，“接物什嘎”则是女士，姑娘、小姐的称呼。从十几岁到五、六十岁都可以用，对上了年纪的女性，千万别叫人家老奶奶“巴布什嘎”，那是极不礼貌的，俄罗斯怕别人说她老。对小伙子，可直呼“年轻人”。

礼仪方面，送鲜花是最佳的礼物，可一定要记住，送花一定要送单数。巧克力则是万能的礼物，价值不必太高，正应了“礼轻情义重”。中国人若给亲戚朋友带礼物，木套娃娃是首选。木套娃娃也叫“玛特辽什卡”，是由小到大一层一层套起来的。大披肩、木雕制品，军服、军用水壶、纪念章、水晶制品，以及望远镜，夜视仪、工艺手表、怀表等。大个的还有俄式茶饮。俄制的伏特加酒也是上好的礼物。

英语：Russia's unique folk customsThe russians on wine have a special complex. Ladies generally like to drink champagne and wine, and vodka is men's most beloved. Russians like pure white wine, and like mugs big cup to drink down. This is their gracious romantic, informal section of the character of the reflection.Russia useful bread and salt to meet the honored guest habit. A the hotel, and beheld two from a fairy tales out of the Russian girl dressed tender go forward, they affectionately smartly, then handed you a piece of bread rolls, put a little above salt cylinder. You piece of bread with the salt to eat. With bread and salt reception guests, because salt in history is very expensive, has followed so far, say to the honored guest friendly and respect.Set of OuHuo sets conditions is Russia's most typical, one of the most popular folk handicraft. Set of accidentally is using color paint describe, mostly to wear traditional Russian folk dress wrapped head scarf, carrying a-tisket, very bright and lovely. Sets conditions price with wood quality and production process, fine different degree of cheap has $1 to $3.Russia's names always make Chinese headache, Russia's name all by name, the father says and last name three components, and have great gabito, nickname and say, name is equivalent to the Chinese name, namely formal name. Name and great gabito, nickname is mutual correspond. In the actual exchange, to keep shout name is very necessary. The Soviet period, most commonly called a comrade and citizen, and nowadays, men and women are common, "mother ShenNa" namely man, man pronunciation, "connect content assorted honk" is a lady, girl, miss titles. The teen years to five, sixty years old, can use for older women, don't call somebody else granny "ba bush quack,", that is highly polite, Russia are afraid of being said she old. For boys, can keep shout "youth".Etiquette, send a flower is the greatest of gifts, but must remember, flower must send singular. Chocolate is universal gift, value needn't too high, should be "that counts. Chinese if give relatives and friends to bring a gift, wood set of dolls are preferred. Wood of doll also called "matvey, liao assorted card", is small to large layer sets up. Shawl, wood products, uniforms, the military kettle, mementoes, crystal products, as well as telescopes, night-vision goggles, craft watches, pocket watch, etc. Large and Russian tea drink. Of Russian of vodka is the best gift.

Russia

Russia is a country in northern Eurasia.It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders withNorway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan,China, Mongolia, and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk, and the U.S. state of Alaska across theBering Strait. At 17,075,400 square kilometres (6,592,800 sq mi), Russia is the largest country in the world, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area. Russia is also the world's ninth most populous nation with 143 million people as of 2012.Extending across the whole of northern Asia, Russia spans nine time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. Russia has the world's largest reserves of mineral and energy resources and is the largest producer of oil and natural gas globally. Russia has the world's largest forest reserves. Its lakes contain approximately one-quarter of the world's liquid fresh water, 20% in Lake Baikalalone.
The nation's history began with that of the East Slavs, who emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire,[16] beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that definedRussian culture for the next millennium.Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde.The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde, and came to dominate the cultural and political legacy of Kievan Rus'. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become theRussian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland in Europe to Alaska in North America.
Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Soviet Union, the world's first constitutionally socialist state and a recognized superpower,which played a decisive role in the Allied victory inWorld War II.The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world'sfirst human spaceflight. The Russian Federation became the successor state of the Russian SFSR following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, and is recognized as the continuing legal personality of the All-Union state.
The Russian economy is the world's eighth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity, with the 3rd largestnominal military budget. Russia is one of the world's fastest growing major economies. It is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power and a permanent member of theUnited Nations Security Council, a member of the G8, G20, the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, the Eurasian Economic Community, the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), the World Trade Organisation (WTO), and is the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States.
The name Russia is derived from Rus, a medieval state populated mostly by the East Slavs. However, this proper name became more prominent in the later history, and the country typically was called by its inhabitants "Русская Земля" (russkaya zemlya) which could be translated as "Russian Land" or "Land of Rus'". In order to distinguish this state from other states derived from it, it is denoted as Kievan Rus' by modern historiography. The name Rus itself comes from Rus people, a group of Varangians (possibly Swedish Vikings) who founded the state of Rus (Русь).
An old Latin version of the name Rus' was Ruthenia, mostly applied to the western and southern regions of Rus' that were adjacent to Catholic Europe. The current name of the country, Россия (Rossiya), comes from the Byzantine Greek designation of the Kievan Rus', Ρωσσία Rossía—spelt Ρωσία (Rosía pronounced [roˈsia]) inModern Greek.

Russia , also officially known as the Russian Federation (Russian: Российская Федерация, tr. Rossiyskaya Federatsiya; , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia,Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan,China, Mongolia, and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk, and the U.S.state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. At 17,075,400 square kilometres (6,592,800 sq mi), Russia is thelargest country in the world, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area. Russia is also the world's ninth most populous nation with 143 million people as of 2012. Extending across the whole ofnorthern Asia, Russia spans nine time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. Russia has the world's largest reserves of mineral and energy resources and is the largest producer of oil andnatural gas globally. Russia has the world's largest forest reserves. Its lakes contain approximately one-quarter of the world's liquid fresh water, 20% in Lake Baikal alone.
The nation's history began with that of the East Slavs, who emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, themedieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium.Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde. The Grand Duchy of Moscowgradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde, and came to dominate the cultural and political legacy of Kievan Rus'. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland in Europe to Alaska in North America.
Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Soviet Union, the world's first constitutionally socialist state and a recognized superpower, which played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human spaceflight. The Russian Federation became the successor state of the Russian SFSR following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, and is recognized as the continuing legal personality of the All-Union state.
The Russian economy is the world's eighth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity, with the 3rd largest nominal military budget. Russia is one of the world's fastest growing major economies. It is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power and a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, a member of the G8, G20, the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, the Eurasian Economic Community, the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), the World Trade Organisation (WTO), and is the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States.
摘自维基百科

整体还可以，谢谢了！😘😘😘