企业节能减排得合理化建议
化工企业的清洁生产、节能降耗的合理化建议
推荐回答(1个)
节能降耗之一:采用保温材料 全世界36%的能源消耗在房屋的取暖和降温上。实际上保温能节约大量能源,正如瑞士和德国的“零能源消耗住宅”样板房所显示的那样。从涂在建筑物外面的聚胺酯“外保温体系”到密闭“超级玻璃”窗,人们发明了许多保温方法。先进的保温措施遵循回报率这一经济法则:如果你采取足够的保温措施,你就能减少或取消暖气和空调设备,从而达到节能降耗降成本目的。研究表明,环保工作环境(不需要经常开暖气或空调的工作环境)可以提高工作人员的劳动生产率和降低员工生病比率。
节能降耗之二:更换灯泡
全世界20%的电力消耗在照明上,或者说照明消耗的能源相当于每天燃烧大约60万吨煤。其中40%的电力是老式的白炽灯泡消耗掉的。产生同样多的光,节能荧光灯消耗的电力比白炽灯省电70%~80%,而且使用寿命是后者的l0倍。在2030年前逐步淘汰白炽灯,可以节省650座发电厂的发电量,每年可以使排入大气的二氧化碳减少7亿吨。
节能降耗之三:改进家用热交换器
热水器、取暖器、空调等热交换器是能效最差的,只有一部分能源真正用来改变温度。瑞典的大多数新住宅已经改用地热泵供暖;乔治·布什在得克萨斯克劳福德的牧场也用地热泵加热和降温。这些系统消耗常规能源少得多(这些系统在封闭循环中利用液化天然气进行热交换,只需要很小的电流保持压缩机运转)。一些国家采取补贴的办法来启动市场, 比如日本,两年来已经安装了100万台地热泵,用来加热洗澡水和暖气片。节能降耗之四:改进工厂能耗设备从钢铁厂和炼铝厂到纸浆厂和造纸厂,全世界工业部门消耗的能源占大约1/3。工业部门的节能潜力很大。自20世纪80年代以来, 日本三菱重工业公司等钢铁企业一直处于领先地位,利用炼钢炉余热发电,节约能源超过70%。
节能降耗之五:驾驶环保节能汔车
全世界1/4的能源—— 包括每年生产的2/3石油—— 用于交通运输。有些节能措施不用花钱,比如,保持轮胎适当充气就能提高能效6%。油电混合动力车能进一步增加20%里程。诸如大众帕萨特TDI等现代直喷式涡轮增压柴油发动机,以及法国标致汽车公司和德国戴姆勒一克莱斯勒公司正在研制的柴油一电力混合发动机,都能达到很好的节能效果。节能降耗之六:提宣冰箱节能效果 居民用电一半以上用于家用电器,全世界五分之一的二氧化碳排放量是居民用电造成的。自20世纪80年代来,制造商已经把冰箱等家用电器的能效提高70%,但是,在这方面仍有进一步改进的余地。
节能降耗之七:设法解决节能投资费用
谁说你必须支付所有的节能降耗投资?能源服务公司可以支付所需的设备改造费用,然后每年从客户节约的费用中扣抵。例如:北京神雾热能技术有限公司专门从事工业炉窖节能燃烧设备改造工程。神雾公司投资为一家炼钢厂安装一台热交换器,把进入炼钢炉的空气进行预热,大大降低了客户的燃料费。神雾公司从客户节省的费用中提取一定份额,从而使神雾公司和这家炼钢厂都有利可图。
节能降耗从我做起,控制成本再接再厉
节能降耗减污增效保护环境利国利民
节能降耗人人有责
降废减损提质,节能降耗增效
点点滴滴降成本,分分秒秒增效益
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