用活人殉葬制度,中国最好战的朝代为什么流行

2025-02-15 04:08:07
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

活人殉葬起源殷商时期,那个时候人相信死后灵魂还在,还可以继续活在另一个世界里。那些拥有生杀大权的帝王将相,活着的时候享尽荣华富贵,死了以后仍然希望在另一个世界称王称霸有人服侍,因此他们的葬礼都是按照“视死如生”的想法办理,把生前享有的美女,奴隶,军队都带到自己的陵墓里去。这些活人有的是被杀死以后放进陵墓,有的直接是活埋。

根据考古发现,其实在夏的时候殉葬制度已经出现,只不过还没有那么严重。到了殷商以后活人殉葬开始达到鼎盛,一次多性几百人殉葬的事情经常出现。,《墨子•节丧》中称:“天子杀殉,众者数十,寡者数人:将军、大夫杀殉,众者数十,寡者数人。”通过墨子的这段记载可以看出,殷商时期的殉葬制度不但存在,而且已经制度化了,连什么级别杀多少人都写的很清楚。到了春秋战国时期,随着社会生产力的发展,《人》的价值和生命逐渐被重视起来,活人殉葬制度逐渐受到非议和反对。不过春秋战国时期仍然存在活人殉葬的情况出现,已经证实的齐桓公、秦武公、秦穆公、晋景公、宋文公等都有殉葬。

殉葬制度一直延伸到秦汉时期才慢慢的变少,汉朝的时候制度性的人殉被正式废除,但是还有零星的被冠以“自愿的”活人殉葬,这样的自愿殉葬一直到唐宋都一直存在。看到这里网友们可能要松一口气了,活人殉葬总算没有那么严重了。可是我要告诉大家的是,活人殉葬远没有到此结束。历史发展到元明清,活人殉葬制度竟然死灰复燃了。由于蒙古野蛮民族的入侵,中原文化遭到了极大的后退,元代官方甚至大肆鼓励民间的殉葬行为。

回答2:

商朝人信阳鬼怪,山海经上面那些现在都不认识那些字的鬼怪大都是商朝人发明的,他们把活人杀了祭祀给鬼怪,相信就会获得鬼怪的力量或帮助。贵族死后也要把奴隶带走,去下面服侍他。商朝的活人祭祀或殉葬,杀的人都是几千上万的,后世的百八十人的殉葬连他的零头都凑不够。
周朝人祭拜祖先,拿活人给祖先吃有点。。。所以周朝后,主流文化对活人殉葬或祭祀都是反对的,孔子甚至连拿陶俑代替活人殉葬都反对,始作俑者就是说这个,但是那个时候中国文化并不统一,所以很多其他国家还是拿活人殉葬,只是少了很多。
汉,唐,宋三朝,儒家文化已经深入人心,活人殉葬和祭祀的几乎绝迹。

明朝朱当皇帝后,一直看不起读书人,所以要反对很多儒家提倡的政策,再度开始活人殉葬,中后期儒家掌权后也废除了。
清朝在入关前,也是实行活人殉葬的,入关后,开始大力的汉化,康熙之后,史书上皇族就没有活人殉葬的记录了。

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