企业节电的措施

企业节电的一些措施多点,详细点~
2025-02-14 02:08:10
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

企业节电的方法和途径可概括为三个方面:①采用无功补偿,提高供配电系统和用电设备的功率因数;②采用合理的运行控制方式和采用先进的节电设备;③提高用电管理水平节电。二、采用无功补偿提高功率因数,是系统节电和提高电能质量的基本途径1.进行无功补偿提高供配电系统的功率因数功率因数是衡量电力系统用电效率的一个经济指标,它由系统的有功和无功两个因素决定。由发电到用电整个过程中,伴随着有功功率产生的同时孪生着无功功率。有功是电能转换为用户所需的能量,比如电流通过电动机使电能转换为机械能,电流通过灯发光等等。无功是电流在电力系统磁场或电场中流动,不会使电能转换为用户需要的能量,是不做功的。但在电网中循环流动会造成较大的电能浪费。据国外统计资料,循环在T矿企业电网中的无功功率,达到了相当于有功功率值的65%~10HD%,因此无功功率环流所造成的有功损耗极大。有功损耗是以功率因数为1时的损耗为基值来表示的(见图1)。在固定负荷时,当功率因数从1降为O.8,有功增加还不大;当它降低到0.6时,有功损耗接近于功率因500数为l时的3倍。当它降低堡到O.5时,有功损耗接近于司功率因数为l时的4倍。当100团i殳备管理与维值2的功率因数和电压质量,电压不稳定或波动影响企业产品的质量。无功补偿不足不仅会引起电网电压崩溃,造成严重事故,而且会对用户外的电网系统造成影响。为此,国家规定用户的功率因数必须按规定达标,否则将受到经济处罚。无论是从节电或电能质量的角度,企业必须对电网的无功进行补偿处理。提高用户的功率因数可以降低视在功率,从而降低电网的投资;提高功率因数,使设备与线路中的有功损耗减少;从而使线路与变压器的电压降减少,增加输送电能力并使电能质量提高。2.无功补偿方式与节电效率无功补偿分集中补偿、分组补偿和就地补偿i种方式。(1)集中补偿就是在高、低压配电所内设置若干组电容器组,电容器接在配电母线上,补偿该配电所供电范围内的无功功率,并使总功率因数达到所规定的值以上。这种补偿方式只能补偿高、低压母线之前(电源方向)线路上的无功功率,它相当于把无功功率源移到用电企业的配电所,使用户对供电系统的要求无功功率有所减少。但它对于配电母线下的企业内部的变压器和线路的无功功率不能起到补偿作用,仍有大量的无功功率(无功电流)在企业内部线路上流动,企业内部主要是以低斥供电为主,无功电流存低压网中的大量流动,产生大量损耗。集中补偿投资小、便于集中管理。(2)分组补偿是企业各个负荷中心进行的局部补偿,一般是车间或对多台小功率用电设备装设无功补偿,又叫小集中补偿,它能使无功电流限制在一个较小的范围内环流,节电效果比集中补偿好。这种补偿存在的问题是380v低压母线以下配电网中仍存在大量低压无功电流流动并产生损耗。(3)就地补偿把无功补偿器直接装设在用电设备旁或进线端子卜。消除环流在高、低压线路卜的流动,减少线路负荷和损耗,这是一种最彻底的补偿方式,节电效果最好,不足之处是补偿点多。i种补偿方式的性能比较见表1。=三种补偿各有优缺点,对大中型企业,建议采用三种方式相结合的措施,相互弥补。3进行无功补偿的几点建议(1)根据国内外统计资料,电动机所消耗的电能占整个企业用电的60%~70%,所消耗的无功功率占整个企业无功负荷的比重还要高一些。消耗无功负荷第__二位的是变乐器,一股占总无功负简的20%,因此要抓住这两类设备的无功补偿。

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