推荐回答(4个)
国际象棋记谱法有好几种,但目前世界上通用座标记谱法(或称代数记谱法)。着法有两种记法:(1)完整记录法每一着棋先记棋子的名称(兵可省略不记),再记棋子原先的位置,接着加“-”或“×”的符号(“-”表示不吃子,“×”表示吃子),最后标出棋子新到的位置。例如,附图中白马跳到黑点格,这一着应记为马g1—f3。如果f3格有黑子,这时,白马吃黑子,应记为马g1×f3。(2)简易记录法每着棋先记棋子名称(兵可省略不记),再记走完这着棋后棋子新到达的格位。如这着棋吃了对方的棋子,就在棋子名称和新到格位之间加“×”符号。例如,上例马g1-f3着法可简记为马f3;又如,上例马g1×f3着法可简记为马×f3。如果有两个兵种相同的棋子都可走到同一方格中去,为加以辨别,应在棋子名称后加记棋子原来位置的标志。例如,图37演成图38的着法,记为马g×f3。兵的着法表示还可以再简单,例如,白兵从e4吃去黑d5兵可简记为e×d5或ed。国际棋联从1985年起规定:参加比赛的赛员,一律统一采用简易记录法。(3)常用的国际象棋记录符号0—0 短易位0—0—0 长易位+ 将军 ++ 双将 # 将死! 好棋 !! 妙棋? 坏棋 ?? 劣着=后 升变为后 !? 激烈的着法e.p.(法语en passant缩略语)吃过路兵~ 任意着法兵升变为“后”这着棋,应在着法后加“变后”两字,或简写为“=后”。兵升变为车、马、象可分别记为“=车”、“=马”、“=象”。一局棋胜负的表示符号:1—0或1∶0 表示白胜。0—1或0∶1 表示黑胜。1/2—1/2或1/2∶1/2 表示和棋。表示胜负的记录符号应记在局末。我们掌握了记谱的方法,了解了棋谱上各种符号所表示的意思以后,就可以阅读棋谱了。下面是一局棋的记录,请你试着在棋盘上摆一摆。刘适兰——奇布尔达尼泽(1980年国际象棋奥林匹克赛,马耳他,中苏女队对抗赛)。(1)完整记录法①e2—e4 e7—e5 ②马g1—f3 马b8—c6③象f1—b5 a7—a6 ④象b5—a4 马g8—f6⑤d2—d4 e5×d4 ⑥0—0 象f8—e7⑦车f1—e1 0—0 ⑧e4—e5 马f6—e8⑨e2—e3 b7—b5 10象a4—b3 d7—d511e5×d6(e.p.) 马e8×d6 12c×d4 车a8—b613马b1—c3 象c8—g4 14马c3—d5 象e7—f615后d1—c2 象g4×f3 16后c2×c6 象f3×d517后c6×d5 马d6—c4 (1/2—1/2)(2)简易记录法①e4 e5 ②马f3 马c6 ③象b5 a6④象a4 马f6 ⑤d4 e×d4 ⑥0—0 象e7⑦车e1 0—0 ⑧e5 马e8 ⑨c3 b510象b3 d5 11e×d6(e.p.) 马×d612c×d4 车8 13 马c3 象g414马d5 象f6 15后c2 象×f316后×c6 象×d5 17后×d5 马c4 (1/2—1/2)
但为了和国际接轨,通常棋子名称用英文大写字母表示:
K代表王,
Q代表后,
R代表车,
N代表马,
B代表象。
兵则不用字母表示。
记录王车易位,则以O-O表示短易位,以O-O-O表示长易位。
下面是棋后诸宸的一盘棋,请欣赏:
诸宸执白先行
1.c4 Nf6 2.d3 e5 3.Nf3 Nc6 4.e3 d5 5.cxd5 Nxd5 6.a3 Bg4 7.b4 a6 8.Be2 Bd6 9.Bb2 0–0 10.Nbd2 Re8 11.Rc1 Qf6 12.0–0 Rad8 13.Re1 Qh6 14.Ne4 Nf6 15.Nxd6 Rxd6 16.Qb3 Qg6 17.Kh1 e4 18.dxe4 Nxe4 19.Kg1 Qh5 20.Red1 Rg6 21.Kf1 Bh3 22.gxh3 Qxh3+ 23.Ke1 Qg2 24.Rd7 Qh1+ 25.Bf1 Qxf3 26.Rc2 Rg1 27.Qd5 Rf8 28.Qd3 Qg2 29.Rxc7 Rd8 30.Bd4 Ne5 31.Bxe5 Rxf1+ 32.Qxf1 Rd1+ 33.Kxd1 Qxf1# 0–1
西班牙开局封闭体系
1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.0-0 Be7(Ne4 6.d4白方更有利)6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 0-0(比d6更精确,黑方保留走马歇尔弃兵的权利,如白方不乐意,只可补h3,防止黑方d5弃兵开放象与后的线路,进攻王翼,否则,白方可暂时不补h3,节省一步棋,如黑方借此试图走Bg4牵制,则白方获得略优局面)h3 0-0 8.c3 d6转入复杂中局战斗,白方有不错的机会争夺优势,胜率白黑方比例约为1.2-1.4
1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 g6 6.Be3 Bg7 7.f3 0-0 8.Bc4 Nc6 9.Qd2 Bd7 10.0-0-0 Rc8 11.Bb3 Qa5 12.h4 Ne5 13.h5 Nxh5 14.g4 Nf6 15.Nde2 Nc4 16.Bxc4 Rxc4 17,Bh6 Rfc8 18.Bxg7 Kxg7 19.Qh6 Kg8 ± 国际象棋棋谱——西西里防御龙氏变化
国际下棋的棋谱是用英语和数字组合起来的
如:1.e4 e5
2.Nf3 Nc6
3.Bc4 Bc5
4.......
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