王羲之的草书贴有哪些

2024-12-01 09:42:08
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

有很多,传世著名者有摹本《初月帖》、《寒切帖》、《行穰帖》、《上虞帖》,还有刻本《十七帖》、《王略帖》等

但这些均为今草书。虞龢《论书表》中说右军:“尝以章草答庾亮,亮以示翼,翼叹服,因与羲之书云:‘吾昔有伯英(张芝)章草书十纸,过江亡失,常痛妙迹永绝,忽见足F答家兄书,焕若神明,顿还旧观。’”由此可知,羲之精于章草。这在当时应是十分规范、法度甚为谨严的草体,士大夫文人圈中将此体视作极髙的、很能显示功力的书体。大王章草取法张芝,又自此张芝,有“雁行”之评,但如今传世的唐摹本皆属今草,不知何故,或为唐人因时风所尚,看重其今草?在上举诸帖中,数《寒切帖》最为丰润灵和,笔势流畅,体态圆丽,其韵致颇近于西晋陆机《平复帖》,区别在于《寒切帖》流利丰润,《平复帖》则沉朴苍浑,明显有章草遗意。但在笔势及笔法上明显可见西晋草书与王氏草书的传承关系。而《十七帖》所集全为王羲之信札,乃唐太宗李世民所藏羲之书卷之一。其前面大部分信札的书法与《寒切帖》同一意趣。而英国博物馆所藏唐人临本《瞻近•龙保》二帖,与法国巴黎国立图书馆藏唐人临本《回近帖》(图79),均临自《十七帖》,相比之下,可见明显的庸人书风的作用,与大王书有较大的差异。另如摹本《初月帖》与《上虞帖》、《王略帖》(《宝晋斋法帖》刻本),与《十七帖》中最后数札意趣近似,较《寒切帖》多刚健之气,且笔画之间、字与字间连笔较多,沉着痛快,与《寒切帖》萧散空灵为两种气象。而《行穰帖》为大王草书中最为奔放爽畅之作,似正显示着其书笔势由内撷转向外拓的迹象。传世大王草书帖,大体可分为上述三类,可能为其三个时期所作。虞龢《论书表》中所谓“二王暮年皆胜于少’’。从这几件作品的书法本身来分析,似乎《寒切帖》为最早,帖中字与字间除偶有连笔外,基本上字字独立,偏旁之间也少见连绵笔法,而且点画丰润稳厚,颇存古意,可与西晋人草书相接。《初月》、《上虞》等帖笔势较《寒切帖》放纵、流畅,连笔增多,无论偏旁间还晕字与字间多一气相连,节律感增强,是晚于《寒切帖》的作品。最晚的可能是《行穰帖》,其字与字大小悬殊前所末见,且字势一泻而下,体格开张,姿态多变,甚于前述诸帖,正开王献之“尚奇”书风之先河。宋代朱熹云:“《十七帖》玩其笔意,从容衍裕,而气象超然。不与法缚,不求法脱,真所谓一一从自己胸襟流出者。窃意书家者流,虽知其美,而未必知其因此美也。”因为他写字能自然抒发性灵(“一一从自己胸襟流出”),敌而他能笔笔在法度之中,又不为法度所拘,因势变化,应情立形(“不与法缚,不求法脱”),毫无强作姿态之处。中国古代书法的审美观与创作观,在王羲之书法中得到了很好的体现。重性情流露而不是着意表现,这正是传统的书法艺术之因此历来艰作士大夫文人修心养性的髙级手段的原因。

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