大足龙水刀的发展历史

2025-02-13 16:19:19
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回答1:

从两蜀到两宋,大足石刻鼎盛,僧侣云集,“五分佛制,半月剃发”(《行事钞》),当推动匠具、剃刀之业发展。北塔宋刻第60号龛造像记,有“大足县玉溪井住铁匠刘杰”“施铁索一条重三十斤”,并劝化另一“铁作户”施舍铁索三条的记载。
元明龙水铁器记载,据传有龙水郑氏剃刀户,于明末避乱于遵义。清初返原籍复业。清中叶玉龙铁器业相当发达,道光年间万古徐玉贵学艺玉龙,学成回万古开业打铁。清末后军阀混战,龙水一度成为全川十多处造枪基地之一,民用铁器几被排斥殆尽。抗战期间重庆成为陪都,销量大增,边角余料成为新的原料来源。龙水铁器随之复兴,一些名牌产品精益求精,抵制日货。抗战后期估拉壮丁,铁器业逃避云贵者300多人,或师失其徒,或徒失其师,难以为继。及抗战胜利,销路拓宽,重又振起,从业人数达3000多人,约占其时全川铁器从业人数五分之一。尔后通货膨胀,复陷困境。 民国时期龙水铁器在全川与重庆、成都鼎足而三。
解放后龙水铁器始以“小五金”名世,受到政府大力扶持。1951年有近千名五金生产户,合伙组成联营一至八厂。1952年县上利用璧山专署所助大米4万余斤,外加所募私股组建公私合营实验铁工厂。1954年龙水五金按统计分类更名“小五金”,由此以“龙水小五金”之名远播各地。至1956年先后实行公私合营的小五金企业,有人民用具铁工厂(合营后改名人民用具厂)、新民联营五厂(改名新民洋刀厂)、永和烟刀厂(改名永和铁器厂)及长兴、协利、群益3家锅铧厂(合为一厂,命名长兴锅铧厂)。组建成手工业生产合作社的有龙水一至八社及城关金属农具社、万古五金社。
1956年据四川省手管局表载,全省手管系统金属加工总产值6528万元,按专市分列,所占比重最大的前三名是:重庆市,占15.24%,江津专区,占11.13%,成都市,占9.51%。江津专区手管系统金属加工主要在龙水,龙水小五金在四川省占有重要地位。 1958年秋大搞爱国卫生运动,龙水成为卫生镇。中央卫生检查团团长,全国政协副主席吴晋航莅镇视察,临走时镇委托他带去一封问候毛主席的信和旅游怀剪、手工丝练两件小礼品。不久收到中共中央办公厅回信,说信和纪念品都收到,毛主席都看过。是年冬,中华全国手工业总局陈处长,省手工业局周处长率工作组到龙水调查小五金历史和发展状况。周处长说国家对龙水小五金很重视,中央掌握的重点是北有王麻子,南有张小泉,西南有龙水小五金。龙水既是中央重点,也是省的基地。
1958年冬,小五金生产方向改变,主要为农业机械化和大办钢铁服务,民用产品大量削减。1961年调整体制,大力恢复民用产品。是年大足参加全国小五金生产供应座谈会,与会26个重点产区,多为大中城市(四川有重庆、成都)。1962年有群众来信要求恢复怀剪生产,龙水恢复怀剪、指甲刀等生产后,川报陆续刊出《怀剪的新生》、《从怀剪的新生想到指甲刀》等文。是年龙水红光刨刀厂女红炉工王光惠出席省工农业劳模大会。
1963年龙水兴建50千瓦发电厂,龙水小五金生产开始向机械化道路迈进。1971年改由川南电网供电,机电设备增多。随后采用电镀工艺,改变“粗大黑”的传统面貌。万古菜刀获准出口,四个国营小五金厂转产机械产品,各五金厂社加强外出科技考察活动,加速机械化进程。1979年根据省委指示,改变多年来统购包销体制,视市场需要组织生产。80年代和大城市厂矿、科研单位挂勾,引进技术,开发新产品,推出不锈钢系列产品,旅游产品和外向型产品。1984年成立龙水五金协会,开展小五金生产销售的各种服务活动。1985年建成西南唯一的龙水五金专业市场,全县刀剪锁总产量1746万把(含乡镇企业)。

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