推荐回答（3个）
建议：病情分析:骨髓增生异常综合症（
myelodysplastic syndrome,
MDS）是一组起源于造血髓系定向干细胞或多能干细胞的异质性克隆性疾患,主要特征是无效造血和高危演变为急性髓系白血病,临床表现为造血细胞在质和量上出现不同程度的异常变化.其具体临床表现为贫血
,可伴有感染或出血,部分病人可无症状.部分患者可有肝,脾,淋巴结轻度肿大,少数患者可有胸骨压痛
,肋骨或四肢关节痛
.血象可呈全血细胞减少,或任何一系及二系血细胞减少. 1982年由FAB协作组建议确立病名,并将MDS分为五型：难治性贫血;难治性贫血伴环状铁粒幼细胞增多;难治性贫血伴原始细胞增多,转变中的难治性贫血伴原始细胞增多;慢性粒－
单核细胞白血病.
意见建议:MDS有三种转规;好转,缠绵,恶化,转规顷向的关键,在于是否坚持合理科学的治疗,体质的强弱,以及肝脾肾功能是否正常.MDS积极治疗可以好转或者长期稳定,但真正的治愈是很少很少的.上海交通大学附属瑞金医院是血液内科的权威,您也可以在当地三甲医院看看.
对于各型MDS的治疗应采用综合或中西医结合的措施治疗,具体包括：西医刺激骨髓造血（RA,RAS型）诱导分化(RA,RAA,RAEB）小剂量化疗（RAEB型）,联合化疗（RAEB-T）,中医辨证论治,饮食调理,生活调理,精神调理,通过中西医综合治疗以期抑制骨髓病态造血,提高机体免疫功能,从而使MDS好转,减少或延缓恶化.
生活护理:MDS是一组后天异质性造血细胞发育异常的疾病.部分病人可以转化为急性白血病
.MDS的预后,与年龄和体征,FAB分型,外周血象和骨髓象,
染色体异常有关.年龄和体征与预后：本病好发 于中年已上,老年人患MDS的预后比中年人差,MDS患者有严重贫血,广泛出血,肝脾明显肿大者疗效也不佳. FAB分型与预后：MDS的FAB分型对预后有很大的意义.如果MDS患者进行性全血细胞减少,提示病情恶化,多数病人预后不良,一般低危组（RA,RAS）患者的生存期长于高危组,RA和RAS二型,发展成为白血病的的比例较低,中数生存期也较长.（RA RAEB,REEB-T或CMML这三型的发生率较高）,中数生存期较短.
外周血象和骨髓象与预后;在 MDS-RA.RAS患者中,外周血中可见到有核红细胞
,假性pelger-Huet异常,淋巴样的小巨核细胞等,同时伴有原始及幼稚细胞的比例增多.这重情况易转化为白血病.MDS患者血象中出现原始细胞或骨髓中原始细胞=0.05,均提示预后不良. 在 RAEB-T亚型中,血象骨髓象中原幼细胞内AUER小体阳性的患者完全缓解率比AUER小体阴性的患者要高,生存期也较长. 染色体异常与预后： MDS是多能造血干细胞的异常,从异常干细胞产生的病态血细胞都是克隆的,伴有染色体核型异常的MDS患者,中数生存期都较短,特别是有复杂染色体异常的,预后更差.
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