推荐回答(2个)
(1)[unreliable figure]∶虚假不实的数字(2)[imaginary number]∶复数中a+bi,b不等于零时叫虚数(3)[暂无英文]:汉语中不表明具体数量的词在数学里,如果有某个数的平方是负数的话,那个数就是虚数了。所有的虚数和实数组成复数。这种数一个专门的符号“i”(imaginary)。我们可以把正虚数写为(+i),把负虚数写为(-i),而把+1看作是一个正实数,把(-1)看作是一个负实数。因此我们可以说√ ̄(-1)=±i。我们甚至还可以在作图时把虚数系统画出来。假如你用一条以0点作为中点的直线来表示一个正实数系统,那么,位于0点某一侧的是正实数,位于0点另一侧的就是负实数。这样,当你通过0点再作一条与该直线直角相交的直线时,你便可以沿第二条直线把虚数系统表示出来。第二条直线上0点的一侧的数是正虚数,0点另一侧的数是负虚数。“虚数”这个名词是17世纪著名数学家笛卡尔创制,因为当时的观念认为这是真实不存在的数字。后来发现虚数可对应平面上的纵轴,与对应平面上横轴的实数同样真实。虚数轴和实数轴构成的平面称复平面,复平面上每一点对应着一个复数。 注:虚数也有大小; 虚数没有一维正负,但有二维正负; 整数准确地应当划分为实整数和虚整数.
虚数的符号
1777年瑞士数学家欧拉开始使用符号i=√(-1)表示虚数的单位。而后人将虚数和实数有机地结合起来,写成a+bi形式 (a、b为实数,a等于0时叫纯虚数,不等于0时叫非纯虚数,b等于0时就叫实数),称为复数。
通常,我们用符号C来表示虚数集,用符号R来表示实数集。
虚数的历史
由于虚数闯入数的领域时,人们对它的实际用处一无所知,在实际生活中似乎也没有用复数来表达的量,因此,在很长的一段时间里,人们对虚数产生过种种怀疑和误解。笛卡尔称“虚数”的本意是指他是假的;莱布尼兹在公元18世纪初则认为:“虚数是美妙而奇异的神灵隐蔽所,它几乎是既存在又不存在的两栖物。”欧拉尽管在许多地方用了虚数,但又说一切形如√(-1)、√(-2)的数学式都是不可能有的,纯属虚幻的。欧拉之后,挪威的一个测量学家维塞尔,提出把复数a+bi用平面上的点(a,b)来表示。后来,高斯提出了复平面的概念,终于使复数有了立足之地,也为复数的应用开辟了道路。现在,复数一般用来表示向量(有方向的数量),这在力学、地图学、航空学中的应用是十分广泛的。虚数越来越显示出其丰富的内容,真是:虚数不虚。不表示实在数量的数词。如下面例子中的一、三、五、九、百、千、万等数词都是虚数。【例】以一当十|三五成群|千方百计|万紫千红|九牛一毛|龙生九子|三月不知肉味|。
描述虚数
虚数原作:劳伦斯·马克·莱瑟(阿姆斯特朗大西洋州立学院)翻译:徐国强虚文自古向空构,艾字如今可倍乘。所问逢人惊诧甚,生活何处有真能?嗟哉小试调音放,讶矣大为掌夜灯。三极管中知用否,交流电路肯咸恒。凭君漫问荒唐义,负值求根疑窦增。情类当初听惯耳,事关负数见折肱。几分繁复融学域,百计联席悦有朋。但看几何三角地,蓬勃艾草意同承[①]。译自《人文数学网络期刊》22期48页IMAGINARYby Lawrence Mark LesserArmstrong Atlantic State UniversityImaginary numbers, multiples of iEverybody wonders, "are they used in real life?"Well, try the amplifier I'm using right now -- A.C.!You say it's absurd,this root of minus one.but the same things once were heardAbout the number negative one!Imaginary numbers are a bit complex,But in real mathematics, everything connects:Geometry, trig and call all see "i to i." Ah-hai!from the Humanistic Mathematics Network Journal # 22, p. 48.原载《科学时报》2003年2月14日科学周末 [①] see "i to i."指可见虚数符号的应用,并谐音双关see eye to eye 为意见一致
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