推荐回答(4个)
冬季,亚洲陆地辐射冷却很快,形成干冷的西伯利亚高压(又称蒙古高压),在北太平洋面上为冷湿的阿留申低压,二者都非常发育,尤其是前者势力十分强大,几乎控制全部亚洲大陆。它是大陆反气旋的中心和干冷的极地大陆气团源地,也是冬季大陆季风的源地。由于冬季副热带高压与大陆高压连成一片,二者复合,势力强大,成为亚洲大陆冬半年气候的主宰。高压干冷气流向外吹散,在太平洋沿岸冬季盛行西北风,印度洋沿岸为东北风,这就是东亚和南亚的冬季风,具有晴朗严寒、干燥等冬季高压天气特征。冬季风为干燥陆风,一般不易降水,但吹到日本的西北风,能形成大风雪。侵入长江以南地区的暧海变性极地大陆气团,能形成冬春阴暖或降雨天气。青藏高原,冬季阻挡西风气流,使之分为南北两支,形成北脊南槽的环流形势。由于高原北面高压脊的存在,十分有利于冬季风的南下,使冬季风影响加强,造成我国冬季的寒冷气候;而高原南面的低压槽,由于槽前带来大量的暖湿气流,对我国南方天气气候的影响也很大。又由于高原的阻挡,使高原北侧的南疆和河西一带,冬季干冷;而南侧印缅一带冷空气活动少,冬季干暖。青藏高原在冬季又是个冷源,这将加强高原邻近地区的下沉气流,从而也就加强了冬季季风环流。
夏季,亚洲大陆为热低压所控制,低压中心在印度西北、伊朗南部和阿拉伯,且与赤道低压连为一体。这时夏威夷高压西伸北进,势力最强,范围最大,因此就形成了从北太平洋高压的西部边缘吹向亚洲东部的东南季风。这就是东亚的夏季风,它是源于热带海洋气团的暖湿气流,夏季时对亚洲大陆影响最大。亚洲南部,这时由于行星风带北移,赤道低压移到北半球,南半球的东南信风跨越赤道后转为西南风,这就是南亚的夏季风。当西南季风到达孟加拉湾再向北推进时,受阻于青藏高原而分为两支:一支沿喜马拉雅山向西,进而维持了印度西北部的热低压;另一支沿山脉走向,流向我国,扩大了西南季风对我国的影响范围。夏季时青藏高原对周围自由大气来说是热源,这必然要加强高原邻近地区的季风低压,从而起了加强夏季风的作用。
我国冬季风来自蒙古——西伯利亚一带,为偏北风(西北季风和东北季风),风从高纬吹向低纬,性质为寒冷干燥
夏季风来自太平洋和印度洋,为偏南风(东南季风和西南季风),风从低纬吹向高纬,性质为温暖湿润。
冬季风是从北方吹来的,干燥寒冷
夏季风是从南方吹来的,温暖湿润
成因:
冬季,大陆气温比邻近的海洋气温低,大陆上出现冷高压,海洋上出现相应的低压,气流大范围从大陆吹向海洋,形成冬季季风。这种季风起源于西伯利亚冷高压,它在向南爆发的过程中,其东亚及南亚产生很强的北风和东北风。
夏季,海洋温度相对较低,大陆温度较高,海洋出现高压或原高压加强,大陆出现热低压;这时北半球盛行西南和东南季风。
北方,南方当然是指以中国为中心
北方即:西伯利亚-蒙古一带
南方即:海洋
冬季风是从大陆上的冷高压吹来的,夏季风是从海洋(低纬海洋)的热高压吹来的。冷高压寒冷干燥,热高压温热湿润。
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