求一个高一化学上学期的化学方程式总结,要重点的,以及化学实验原理和现象,多谢。

2025-02-09 00:05:33
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

高一化学必修1化学方程式
1、钠与氧气(常温): 4Na + O2 = 2Na2O
(加热) 2Na + O2 △ Na2O2 钠
与水反应: 2Na + 2H2O = 2NaOH + H2 ↑
2、铁与水蒸气反应: 3Fe + 4H2O(g) △ F e 3O4 + 4H2
3、铝与氢氧化钠溶液反应: 2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O = 2NaAlO2 + 3H2 ↑
4、过氧化钠与水反应:2Na2O2 + 2H2O = 4NaOH + O2↑
过氧化钠与二氧化碳反应:2Na2O2 + 2CO2 = 2Na2CO3 + O2
5、Na2CO3溶液加入 盐酸:Na2CO3 H 2O
NaHCO3和盐酸反应:Na CO3 +HCl=NaCl+CO2↑+ H 2O
NaHCO3和NaOH反应:Na CO3 + NaOH = Na2CO3 + H 2O
Na OH溶液 通入 CO2:2NaOH + CO2不足 = Na2CO3 + H2O
Na2CO3+CO2足 =2NaHCO3
Na2CO3+CO2+H2O =2NaHCO3
NaHCO3 固体受热分解:2NaHCO3 Na2CO3+CO2↑+H2O
6、氧化铝与盐酸反应: Al2O3 + 6HCl = 2AlCl3 + 3H2O
氧化铝与氢氧化钠溶液反应: Al2O3 + 2NaOH = 2NaAlO2 + H2O
7、 Al(OH)3 的制备:Al2(SO4)3 + 6NH3·H2O = 2Al(OH)3↓ + 3(NH )2SO4
氢氧化铝与盐酸反应: Al(OH)3 + 3HCl = AlCl3 + 3H2O
氢氧化铝与氢氧化钠溶液反应: Al(OH)3 + NaOH = NaAlO2 + 2H2O
氢氧化铝加热分解: 2Al(OH)3=△=Al2O3 + 3H2O
8、氧化亚铁与盐酸反应: FeO + 2 HCl = FeCl 2 + H2O
氧化铁与盐酸反应: Fe2O3 + 6HCl = 2FeCl3 + 3H2O
9、 Fe(OH)3 的制备:FeCl3 + 3NaOH = Fe(OH)3↓+ 3NaCl
Fe(OH)2 的制备:FeSO4 + 2NaOH = Fe(OH)2↓+ Na2SO4
Fe(OH)2 被空气中的氧气氧化成 Fe(OH)3 : 4Fe(OH)2 + O2+ 2H2O = 4Fe(OH)3
氢氧化铁加热分解: 2Fe(OH)3 △ Fe2O3 + 3H2O
10、Fe3+向Fe2+转化(加铁粉):2FeCl3 + Fe = 3FeCl2
Fe2+向Fe3+转化(加氯水):2FeCl2 + Cl2 = 2FeCl3 SiO2 + 4HF = SiF4 ↑ + 2H2O
二氧化硅与氢氧化钠溶液反应: SiO2 + 2NaOH = Na2SiO3 + H2O
二氧化硅与氧化钙高温反应: SiO2 + CaO 高温 CaSiO3
工业制玻璃原理: SiO2 + Na2CO3 高温 Na2SiO3 + CO2↑
SiO2 + C aCO3 高温 C aSiO3 + CO2↑
12、硅酸钠溶液中通入二氧化碳: Na2SiO3 + CO2 + H2O = Na2CO3 + H2SiO3 ↓
硅酸钠与盐酸反应: Na2SiO3 + 2HCl = 2NaCl + H2SiO3 ↓
硅酸受热分解: H2SiO3 △ SiO2 + H2O
13、粗硅的制取: SiO2 + 2C 高温 Si + 2CO ↑
14、硅单质与 F2 、 HF 、 NaOH 溶液: Si + 2F2 = SiF4
Si + 4HF = SiF4 + 2H2 ↑ Si + 2NaOH + H2O = NaSiO3↓ +2H2 ↑
15、氯气与金属反应: 2Na + Cl2 点燃 2NaCl
2Fe + 3Cl2 点燃 2FeCl3
Cu + Cl2 点燃 CuCl2
氯气与非金属 H2 反应: H2 + Cl2 点燃 2HCl
氯气与水反应: Cl2 + H2O = HCl + HClO
HClO 光照下分解: 2HClO 光照 2HCl + O2 ↑
制漂白液(或氯气尾气处理): Cl2 + 2NaOH = NaCl + NaClO + H2O
制漂白粉: 2Cl2 + 2Ca(OH)2 = CaCl2 + Ca(ClO)2 + 2H2O
4HClO+ 2Ca(OH)2 =Ca(ClO)2+CaCl2 + 2H2O
:2HClO+ 2NaCl =NaCl0+NaCl + H2O
漂白粉长期置露在空气中失效: Ca(ClO)2 + CO2 + H2O = CaCO3 ↓ + 2HClO
2HClO 光 2HCl + O2 ↑
16、硫与非金属: S + O2=点燃=SO 2
H2+ S=△=H2S
硫与金属: Fe + S=△=FeS
2 Cu + S=△=Cu2S
17、二氧化硫与水反应: SO2 + H2O=H2SO3
二氧化硫与碱性氧化物反应: SO2 + CaO = CaSO3
二氧化硫与碱反应: SO2 + 2NaOH = Na2SO3 + H2O
二氧化硫与硫化氢气体反应: 2H2S +SO2 = 3S↓ + 2H2O
二氧化硫通入氯水中: SO2 + Cl2 + 2H2O = 2HCl + H2SO4 ( Cl2 可换作Br2、I2)
二氧化硫被 O2 氧化: 2SO2 + O2=2SO3
18、三氧化硫: SO3 + H2O = H2SO4
SO 3 + Ca (OH)2 = Ca SO 4 ↓ + H2O
19、氮气与氧气在放电下反应: N2 + O2=放电或高温=2NO
一氧化氮与氧气反应: 2NO + O2 = 2NO2
二氧化氮与水反应: 3NO2 + H2O = 2HNO3 + NO
有关 NO 、 NO2 、 O2 混合气体溶于水的计算:4 NO2 + O2 + 2 H2O = 4 HNO3
4 NO + 3 O2 + 2 H2O = 4 HNO3 20、NH3在水中的反应: NH3 + H2O=NH3 · H2O
NH4+ + OH — NH3 · H2O
受热分解: NH3 · H2O △ NH3 ↑ + H2O
氨气与氯化氢反应: NH3 + HCl = NH4Cl

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