汽车油耗表上显示的瞬时油耗、平均油耗、续航里程是如何计算的?
推荐回答(4个)
现在的汽车发动机基本都是电控的,发动机的喷油量是由发动机电控单元控制的。电控单元发出指令给喷油器,喷油器通电后开启喷油,它的每一次开启持续时间称为“喷油脉宽”。由于喷油器开启的角度是固定的,也可以说喷油器的流量是固定的,所以喷油器开启的时间越长,发动机耗油量就越高,也就是说喷油器的喷油脉宽决定了发动机的耗油量。因此发动机电控单元通过计算喷油器的喷油脉宽,再乘以喷油器的流量,就可以计算出发动机的耗油量了。

如果汽车只计算某一个瞬间的喷油脉宽和这段时间内行驶的里程,得出的数值就是瞬时油耗。比如汽车2秒钟内耗油4ml,行驶了40米,那么汽车的瞬时油耗就是10升/百公里;如果汽车突然急加速,在2秒钟内耗油12ml,同样行驶了40米,那么汽车的瞬时油耗就是30升/百公里;还有汽车在冷启动、爬坡、大负荷低速行驶时,瞬时油耗也是非常高的;而汽车在高速带挡滑行时,由于发动机转速高于逆序喷油点,喷油器不喷油,所以此时的汽车瞬时油耗是零;当汽车原地怠速时,喷油脉宽虽然不大,但是行驶的里程是零,所以此时的瞬时油耗是无穷大,为了避免这种尴尬的情况,很多车在怠速时油耗会以“升/小时”来显示。

汽车的平均油耗也是时时变化的,它与道路条件、驾驶习惯、汽车技术状况等息息相关。比如我们驾驶某款汽车,在冷车汽车、原地热车时,消耗了一定量的燃油,但是汽车没有行驶,所以此时的平均油耗就趋向于无穷大;当我们驾驶汽车,走上了 拥堵的城市道路,在一个小时内只行驶了10公里,消耗了1.2升燃油,那么汽车在这段时间内的平均油耗就是12升/百公里;之后我们走上了通畅的郊区快速路,以最经济省油的车速80公里/小时,行驶了50公里,消耗了3升燃油,那么汽车在这段时间内的平均油耗就是6升/百公里。然后我们再以120公里/行驶的车速行驶了200公里,消耗了16升燃油,那么汽车在这段时间内的平均油耗就是8升/百公里。

那么汽车在整个行程中的平均油耗是多少呢?我们来计算一下:总行驶里程是260 公里,总消耗燃油是20.2升,那么汽车在整个行程中的平均油耗就是20.2÷260=7.77升/百公里。不过汽车油耗表显示的油耗是随时变化的,比如在城市拥堵路况行驶时,油耗是逐渐升高的;在随后的郊区快速路行驶时,油耗是逐渐降低的;当行驶上高速公路以后,油耗又逐渐的升高。所以,汽车油耗表显示的平均油耗只有在行驶里程足够长,才比较准确。如果单独看某一时段内的平均油耗,也会有误差的。
这些都是由汽车上面的微型电脑计算的,油箱和车胎等等这些地方都有感应元件的,把数据收集传给微型计算机,然后微型计算机计算出来显示到屏幕上。
汽车油耗表上显示的瞬时油耗,平均油耗,续航里程都是汽车的电脑根据汽车的行驶情况以及汽车车内油箱剩余的油量,进行计算的,但是结果一般并不是十分的准确,仅供参考。
汽车油耗的计算,耗油量/所行使的公里数 所得出的结果即为油耗,还是比较好算的。假如你加了100元油,当前油价为7.77元/升,跑了200多公里(根据路况而定),100÷7.77=12.87升,之后12.87÷200=0.064升/公里=6.4升/百公里
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