隋炀帝开凿大运河的目的是什么?

2025-03-12 20:32:05
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

在政治上,隋王朝刚统一中国不久,为了巩固政权和统一的局面,需进一步控制新统一的东南地区。当时江南阶级矛盾和地主阶级内部矛盾始终比较尖锐。公元590年,江南士族沈玄桧、汪华等聚众反隋,或称天子,或称都督。隋文帝调集大军,历时2年才平定江南叛乱。公元600年,李英林起兵于熙州(今安徽安庆市),第二年,潮州僚民起义。由于南方人民的不断起义,于是隋文帝下诏没收天下兵器,严禁私造。同时更禁止江南人私造大船,凡是3丈以上的船只,一律由国家没收。隋炀帝下令开凿大运河,目的在于使南北运输畅通无阻,加强对南方的统治。

除上述原因外,隋炀帝游玩享乐之心也是开凿大运河的动机之一。隋炀帝过去曾长期担任江都总督,驻扎扬州,醉心于江南的豪华生活。所以由于怀念江都繁华美景,也迫使他想开凿大运河。

隋朝统一中国后,人民得到安定的社会条件从事生产,社会经济逐渐恢复。十几年后国家也积累了大量的物质财富。这也为修造贯穿南北的大运河提供了必要的条件和可能性。

早在隋文帝时期,就开了广通渠和山阳到江都的邗沟。公元584年,隋文帝为了漕运(即河运)的便利,令当时著名的建筑大师宇文恺率水工开广通渠,引渭水从大兴城(今西安市)到潼关,与黄河相接,长300里。广通渠开通后,便利了关内漕运。公元587年,隋文帝又沿着春秋时吴王夫差所开邗沟的旧道,南起江都,北至山阳(今江苏淮安),沟通江淮。隋文帝利用这条渠道运兵运粮,为用兵江南作准备,第二年,隋即出兵灭掉陈国,统一了中国。但是,大规模开凿修建大运河,还是在隋炀帝上台以后。公元605年,隋炀帝征发大批士兵和民役开始修建,到610年底,大运河工程基本完成,前后费时6年。

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