推荐回答(4个)
外阴白斑即外阴白色病变,又称慢性外阴营养不良,是一种常见而难治的妇女病。其特征是外阴皮肤和粘膜组织发生变性及色素改变,因病变区域皮肤和粘膜多呈白色,故称其为外阴白色病变,根据它的病理表现进一步分为:萎缩型、增生型和混合型。
本病的确切病因不详细。曾经有人把病变的外阴与大腿皮肤交换移植,发现被移植处的病皮经过一段时间自然转变为健康皮肤,而被移植到外阴的正常皮肤却变成了病皮,因而认为病变的主要部位在真皮的微血管和胶原纤维。微血管损伤导致微循环及胶原生成障碍,局部缺乏营养,胶原弹力纤维生成障碍,致使皮肤弹力纤维生成障碍致使皮肤弹性减弱或消失,而外阴皮肤发白则与表皮角化亢进,变薄,基底细胞黑色素减少和消失有关。此外近年来的研究发现抑素与本病发病有关系。抑素是一种由表皮产生,而又作用于表皮的蛋白质激素,具有组织特异性,能抑制表皮细胞分裂与生长;真皮则有使结缔组织增生,促进表皮代谢的刺激物。正常情况下,抑素与真皮中刺激物呈平衡状态,抑素产生过多时表皮不生长,终至萎缩变薄;若抑素过少,表皮细胞增生多于丢失,表皮渐增厚,形成增生性营养不良。
目前多认为仅在外阴增生型营养不良的基础上有继发癌变,萎缩型营养不良很少出现不典型增生,故继发癌变也罕见。
本病的主要表现是瘙痒,症状可轻可重,奇痒者甚至影响正常的工作和生活。搔抓可通过刺激神经引起恶性循环,而搔抓招致的炎症反应又会加重瘙痒。萎缩型外阴营养不良晚期因局部萎缩,皮肤皲裂,可有烧灼样疼痛。
由于外阴白色病变并非恒定不变,且局部病理检查结果又不能完全代表整个病变区域的情况,因此往往需行多点取材,并定期随访才能作出准确诊断,明确有无恶变。活检应在可疑癌变处如不平表面、隆起结节、久不愈合的上皮缺损、皲裂或溃疡处进行,以排除恶变。
由于慢性外阴营养不良恶变率低,故多不主张手术治疗,而以局部用药及理疗为主,但对中度以上的不典型增生应手术切除之,手术切除范围应超过病灶外至少0.5厘米处。
健康朋友圈:得了外阴白斑怎么办,会有癌变的风险吗,听听专家怎么说
外阴白斑不排除癌变的可能。但是本病的发病率不高,只有上皮出现增生时,才被视为癌前病变。
外阴癌多发生在中老年女性,多见病发位置是大阴唇,其次是小阴唇、阴道前庭及阴蒂。主要症状为外阴局部有结节,常伴有疼痛及瘙痒
很多女性在最开始时感到外阴瘙痒难耐,身上也没有其他症状,还以为自己得的是性病。这就使女性对自己的病情羞于启齿,不愿检查治疗,久而久之出现了外阴白斑。新朋友应该知道的是外阴白斑病不是性病,但是及早治疗可以防止其发生恶变。很多女性在治疗外阴白斑时,只是对搔痒的症状进行了缓解,这种方法只是治标,对其根本却没有起到任何疗效,外阴白斑只有标本兼治,才达起到康复的目的。所以在选择治疗方法上,不应过于盲目。
盲目的治疗只会使外阴白斑的病变更加严重,导致外阴癌。外阴白斑分为增生型,苔藓型,混合型还有就是萎缩型这四类,但这四个类型当中,增生型外阴白斑是最易发生癌变的一种,癌变率在所有患者当中占到了5%。
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