推荐回答(4个)
鸡白痢是由鸡白痢沙门氏菌引起的一种细菌性传染病。主要经消化道传染,2周龄以下雏鸡最易感染,多呈急性发病,死亡率较高。
雏鸡患病后主要表现为精神沉郁,食欲消失,被毛粗乱,呆立垂翅;断续下痢,粪先为粥状,后呈水样、白色,粘污肛门附近羽毛,干后将肛门堵塞,使排粪困难,病鸡常发生尖叫声。急性的1~3天内死亡,一般4~7天死亡。20~45日龄雏鸡发病率较低,很少死亡,但生长缓慢,发育不良,成为带菌者,是本病的主要传染来源。成年鸡感染一般不表现临床症状,但一生带菌,带菌母鸡经过种蛋将病传染给下一代小鸡,患病公鸡可在交配时将病菌传染给母鸡,使母鸡感染。母鸡感染后,产蛋量明显下降。
【防治措施】
鸡白痢一旦侵入鸡群很难根治,因治愈后仍带菌,不但传染蔓延,还将病通过产蛋传染给下一代。控制本病应着重于以下几点:
(1)杜绝病原的传入 孵化用的种蛋必须来自无白痢病的鸡群,种蛋入孵前用甲醛气体熏蒸消毒。
(2)消除鸡群内的带菌者和慢性患者 每年春秋两季要对种鸡进行白痢检疫,发现病鸡应及时淘汰。
(3)严格执行卫生消毒和隔离措施 鸡舍育雏室的一切用具要经常清洗消毒,孵化器在应用之前要用福尔马林熏蒸消毒。
(4)对3周龄以下的雏鸡要用药物控制发病 出壳后至5日龄,每千克饮水中加庆大霉素8万单位;6~10日龄,每千克饲料中加痢特灵0.4克;11日龄起,停药3天观察,如无发病苗头,不再用药,若有发病苗头,可于每千克饲料中加土霉素2克,连用5~7天。
(5)药物治疗 ①磺胺二甲基嘧啶,按0.5%比例拌料,连用5~10天;②链霉素或氯霉素,按0.01%~0.02%比例加入饮水中,连喂7天;③用大蒜捣碎加水制成20%的大蒜汁,每只病鸡滴服0.5~1毫升,每天3~4次,连用4天,大群治疗时,可把大蒜汁混合饲料中喂给;④中药黄柏20克、黄芩10克、大黄10克、凤尾草100克,切细后加水煎2次取汁1升拌食喂鸡,或让鸡自由饮水。病情严重者可滴灌,每次每只鸡2毫升,每天2次,连续数日。
1、培育无感染种鸡群,杜绝传染源的引入原则上同禽流感防治要点。具体措施可依据鸡白痢净化的地方标准进行,对鸡群多应用鸡白痢沙门氏菌平板凝集试验淘汰阳性鸡。尤其是要长期坚持清除群内的带菌鸡与慢性患鸡。
2、强化饲养管理水平原则上同禽流感防治要点。
3、切实严格执行生物安全措施原则上同禽流感防治要点。
4、建立严格的检疫制度原则上同禽流感防治要点。
5、在饲料中添加微生态制剂,控制有害菌的繁殖。
6、发病后的应对措施最好的方案是通过细菌的分离鉴定、药敏试验指导用药;在未进行药敏试验的情况下,应首选氨基糖苷类抗生素,如庆大霉素、卡那霉素,以肠炎为主要症状者应口服,以肝脏、卵巢损伤严重者应肌内注射;也可选用长效头孢类、喹诺酮类药物。
蚜虫又称菜蚜、腻虫等,包括桃蚜、萝卜蚜和甘蓝蚜三种,是白菜等十字花科蔬菜的主要害虫之一。
防治方法:①农业措施。有条件的地区,可采取夏季少种十字花科蔬菜的方法,结合间苗和除草,并及时清洁田园,以减少蚜虫来源。②利用银灰膜避蚜。③药剂防治:常用的药剂有:50%避蚜雾可湿性粉剂或抗蚜威可湿性粉剂,每亩用10~18克,对水30~50千克喷雾。此剂专门防治蚜虫,不杀伤天敌和蜜蜂,尤其适用于采种田。一遍净或10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂,每亩用量5~10克对水100千克。
鸡白痢由鸡白痢沙门氏菌引起,主要侵害雏鸡,以白痢为特征,雏鸡患病后,多在两周内大量死亡。
养鸡的全过程都可造成鸡白痢的发生和流行。防治本病首先要做好种鸡的检疫净化,其次是做好对环境、饲料、饮水的卫生防护以及对种蛋、孵化过程中的消毒工作。
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