推荐回答(4个)
where ...and和join....on的区别
1、where 是在两个表join完成后,再附上where条件
2、而 and 则是在表连接前过滤A表或B表里面哪些记录符合连接条件,同时会兼顾是left join还是right join。即
假如是左连接的话,如果左边表的某条记录不符合连接条件,那么它不进行连接,但是仍然留在结果集中(此时右边部分的连接结果为NULL)。on条件是在生成临时表时使用的条件,它不管on中的条件是否为真,都会返回左边表中的记录。
3、建议尽量用where来过滤条件
比较:
1、用AND后的SQL和结果集。还是有383这条结果集
![](/picurl?url=https%3A%2F%2Fiknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com%2F0e2442a7d933c8950835a9c1dc1373f0830200c4%3Fx-bce-process%3Dimage%252Fresize%252Cm_lfit%252Cw_600%252Ch_800%252Climit_1%252Fquality%252Cq_85%252Fformat%252Cf_auto)
2、用where后的SQL和结果集。没有了这条记录
![](/picurl?url=https%3A%2F%2Fiknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com%2F7e3e6709c93d70cffadb6eb6f5dcd100baa12b6c%3Fx-bce-process%3Dimage%252Fresize%252Cm_lfit%252Cw_600%252Ch_800%252Climit_1%252Fquality%252Cq_85%252Fformat%252Cf_auto)
扩展资料
1、eft join :左连接,返回左表中所有的记录以及右表中连接字段相等的记录。
2、right join :右连接,返回右表中所有的记录以及左表中连接字段相等的记录。
3、inner join: 内连接,又叫等值连接,只返回两个表中连接字段相等的行。
4、full join:外连接,返回两个表中的行:left join + right join。
5、cross join:结果是笛卡尔积,就是第一个表的行数乘以第二个表的行数。
关键字: on
数据库在通过连接两张或多张表来返回记录时,都会生成一张中间的临时表,然后再将这张临时表返回给用户。
在使用left jion时,on和where条件的区别如下:
1、 on条件是在生成临时表时使用的条件,它不管on中的条件是否为真,都会返回左边表中的记录。
2、where条件是在临时表生成好后,再对临时表进行过滤的条件。这时已经没有left join的含义(必须返回左边表的记录)了,条件不为真的就全部过滤掉。
1、打开数据库管理工具,在数据库中新建两个表用于测试,这里,两个表的表结构要一样,分别建立TEST 和 TEST1。
![](/picurl?url=https%3A%2F%2Fiknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com%2Fb3119313b07eca806468540b9f2397dda04483e8%3Fx-bce-process%3Dimage%252Fresize%252Cm_lfit%252Cw_600%252Ch_800%252Climit_1%252Fquality%252Cq_85%252Fformat%252Cf_auto)
2、开启新的SQL查询窗口,创建一个存储过程。意思是将insert到TEST中的数据插入到TEST1中。
![](/picurl?url=https%3A%2F%2Fiknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com%2F0bd162d9f2d3572cd0f9f1308413632763d0c3c7%3Fx-bce-process%3Dimage%252Fresize%252Cm_lfit%252Cw_600%252Ch_800%252Climit_1%252Fquality%252Cq_85%252Fformat%252Cf_auto)
3、单击‘执行’,一个名字为‘T’的触发就新建完成了。
![](/picurl?url=https%3A%2F%2Fiknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com%2Fb8389b504fc2d562a54ebd01e91190ef77c66c93%3Fx-bce-process%3Dimage%252Fresize%252Cm_lfit%252Cw_600%252Ch_800%252Climit_1%252Fquality%252Cq_85%252Fformat%252Cf_auto)
4、展开表结构,我们也能看见刚才新建的触发器‘T’。
![](/picurl?url=https%3A%2F%2Fiknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com%2Fc2fdfc039245d688bc17df48aac27d1ed31b24c0%3Fx-bce-process%3Dimage%252Fresize%252Cm_lfit%252Cw_600%252Ch_800%252Climit_1%252Fquality%252Cq_85%252Fformat%252Cf_auto)
5、现在先在TEST表中插入一条数据做测试。INSERT INTO dbo.TEST VALUES('1','Simon','25')。
![](/picurl?url=https%3A%2F%2Fiknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com%2F8694a4c27d1ed21b63b54309a36eddc450da3fd9%3Fx-bce-process%3Dimage%252Fresize%252Cm_lfit%252Cw_600%252Ch_800%252Climit_1%252Fquality%252Cq_85%252Fformat%252Cf_auto)
6、提示插入数据成功两次,那么,我们再来看看TEST1中的数据是否有及时更新过来。SELECT * FROM dbo.TEST1经测,数据成功写入。
![](/picurl?url=https%3A%2F%2Fiknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com%2Fe4dde71190ef76c682c596c79316fdfaae5167c2%3Fx-bce-process%3Dimage%252Fresize%252Cm_lfit%252Cw_600%252Ch_800%252Climit_1%252Fquality%252Cq_85%252Fformat%252Cf_auto)
一、外连接
1.左连接 left join 或 left outer join
SQL语句:select * from student left join score on student.Num=score.Stu_id;
2.右连接 right join 或 right outer join
SQL语句:select * from student right join score on student.Num=score.Stu_id;
3.完全外连接 full join 或 full outer join
SQL语句:select * from student full join score on student.Num=score.Stu_id;
通过上面这三种方法就可以把不同的表连接到一起,变成一张大表,之后的查询操作就简单一些了。
而对于select * from student,score;则尽量不使用此语句,产生的结果过于繁琐。
二、内连接
join 或 inner join
SQL语句:select * from student inner join score on student.Num=score.Stu_id;
此时的语句就相当于:select * from student,score where student.ID=course.ID;
![](/picurl?url=https%3A%2F%2Fiknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com%2F37d12f2eb9389b500a0ae7a98835e5dde6116e57%3Fx-bce-process%3Dimage%252Fresize%252Cm_lfit%252Cw_600%252Ch_800%252Climit_1%252Fquality%252Cq_85%252Fformat%252Cf_auto)
三、交叉连接
cross join,没有where指定查询条件的子句的交叉联接将产生两表的笛卡尔积。
SQL语句:select * from student cross join score;
四、结构不同的表连接
当两表为多对多关系的时候,我们需要建立一个中间表student_score,中间表至少要有两表的主键。
SQL语句:select s.Name,C.Cname from student_score as sc left join student as s on s.Sno=sc.Sno left join score as c on c.Cno=sc.Cno
select C_name,grade from student left join score on student.Num=score.Stu_id where name='李五一';
红色部分即中间表,是集合两表所有内容的一张总表。
五、UNION操作符用于合并两个或多个select语句的结果集。
UNION内部的SELECT语句必须拥有相同数量的列,每个列也必须拥有相似的数据类型,每条SELECT语句中的列的顺序必须相同。
select Num from student union select Stu_id from score;
union操作符是默认查重的,如果允许重复的值,就可以使用union all 。对于两张结构相同的表,union也可以把他们合并成一张表:
select * from student1 union select *from student2;
(inner) join on 内链接 与 where 子查询 是一样的。
主要有区别是 left join right join 以及 full join,功能和性能跟where有差异
inner join
(等值连接)
只返回两个表中联结字段相等的行
WHERE 和INNER JOIN产生的连接关系,本质区别不详,结果一样。
(1)在效率上,Where可能具有和Inner join一样的效率。但基本可以肯定的(通过SQLServer帮助和其它资料,以及本测试)是Join的效率不比Where差。
(2)使用Join可以帮助检查语句中的无效或者误写的关联条件。
(3)从可读性角度来看,Where更直观。
left join
left outer join
(左联接)
返回包括左表中的所有记录和右表中联结字段相等的记录
左向外联接的结果集包括 LEFT OUTER 子句中指定的左表的所有行,而不仅仅是联接列所匹配的行。如果左表的某行在右表中没有匹配行,则在相关联的结果集行中右表的所有选择列表列均为空值。
right join
right outer join
(右联接)
返回包括右表中的所有记录和左表中联结字段相等的记录
右向外联接是左向外联接的反向联接。将返回右表的所有行。如果右表的某行在左表中没有匹配行,则将为左表返回空值。
full join
full outer join
(全连接)
完整外部联接返回左表和右表中的所有行
当某行在另一个表中没有匹配行时,则另一个表的选择列表列包含空值。
如果表之间有匹配行,则整个结果集行包含基表的数据值。
Join & where总结:
where是两个表中的数据满足共同条件才会显示。
Jion on是相同条件匹配。
因此,除了inner join结果通常不一样。
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