生产1吨自来水需要排放多少吨的废水
如题,在线等待中
推荐回答(4个)
楼上说的前2条都没有问题,但是严重反对最后一句话!
大型反渗透的回收率一般在75%左右,也就是有25%的排放量。但是仅限于含盐量低的进水!小型反渗透装置(10t/h以下)受规模限制,回收率会更低一些!
如果是海水的话,由于含盐量过高(通常在20000mg/L),受膜表面浓差极化的限制,回收率一般只有40%!
现在的污水处理厂都是采用生物处理的。原理和臭水坑基本一样。不过是加了现代元素,可以人工控制,污水少了能处理,多了还能处理。但原理几乎是一样的。农村里的臭水坑是如何变清的?是因为臭水坑里慢慢滋生出了微生物,这些微生物吃掉臭水里的有机物,因而臭水变清了。现代化的污水处理厂也是如此。
现代污水处理厂主要以去除COD为主要目的。还有其它项目,包括BOD5,氨氮,总氮,总磷,悬浮物,动植物油,石油类,阴离子表面活性,色度,酸碱度,粪大肠菌群数。但现在主要以COD的去除率为标志。COD是什么呢?它又叫化学需要量。如果多了,到了江河,水就会富营养化,绿藻大量繁殖,大量吸收水里的氧分子,水质变坏,导致鱼类和植物无法生存。
污水处理厂现在采用的工艺大多是氧化沟工艺。氧化沟主要针对生活污水,适当的有些工业废水也可,但对于工业废水超过一半的水质来说,它几乎只是个摆设。
不同的处理对象就决定了不同的工艺流程,不同的工艺流程、不同的入口水质决定了不同的生产要素条件。
根据源水的来源和水质以及自来水处理的工艺流程定。
1:如果以基本没有受到污染的地下水为水源,基本工艺流程为原水消毒后即可,不产生废水。
2:以轻微污染的地表水(III类以上水体)为水源,这个是很多水厂面临的情况,基本工艺流程为 混凝沉淀(澄清)过滤消毒,在沉淀/澄清工艺过程中会产生废水/渣,在过滤阶段会产生反冲洗废水,这个水量一般会占总处理水量的5%-10%,但是这个水不直接排掉,会回到混凝阶段继续处理的。
3:以高污染地表水或高矿化度的水(如海水)一般可以采用反渗透膜法处理,这个废水产生量与浓缩比有关,
对于海水淡化来说,一般每生产1立方米自来水回收率可以达到90%左右,即产生10%左右的废水
要看工艺流程阿,像无锡这种地方,做市政自来水居然用膜处理,你说要多少吨废水?
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