推荐回答(4个)
好像是黄秋葵。果实形象辣椒,是很美味的蔬菜。黄秋葵
【学名】 Hibiscus esulentus L.
【别名】 黄葵、羊角菜、羊角豆、咖啡黄葵
【科属】 锦葵科、秋葵属
【形态特征与特性】一年生草本植物。根系发达,直根性,根深达1 m以上;主茎直立,高1~2.5m,粗5cm,赤绿色,圆柱形,基部节间较短,有侧枝,自着花节位起不发生侧枝;叶掌状5裂,互生,叶身有茸毛或刚毛,叶柄细长,中空;花大而黄,着生于叶腋;果为蒴果,先端细尖,略有弯曲,形似羊角,果长10~25cm,横径1.9~3.6cm,嫩果有绿色和紫红色2种,果面覆有细密白色绒毛,果成熟后木质化不可食;种子球形,绿豆大小,淡黑色,外皮粗,被细毛。
喜温暖强光,耐热力强,不耐霜冻,种子发芽适温25~30℃,生长适温25~28℃;耐旱,耐湿,不耐涝;对土壤要求不严格,在排水良好的壤土上种植,生长良好,结果多。
【类型与品种】黄秋葵按果实外形可分为圆果种和棱角种;依果实长度又可分为长果种和短果种;依株形又分矮株和高株种。矮株种高1米左右,节间短,叶片小,缺刻少,着花节位低,早熟,分枝少,抗倒伏,易采收,宜密植。高株种株高,果实浓绿,品质好。
【分布状况】原产于非洲,埃及及加勒比海的安提瓜、巴巴多斯种植较多,是非洲和美洲及东南亚人民喜食的蔬菜之一。我国从印度引进,已经种植了约60a,现在全国各城市周边都有少量栽培。
【主要用途】嫩果(荚)肉质柔嫩、润滑,风味独特,营养价值高,可炒食、煮食、凉拌、制罐及速冻加工等。幼果中还含有一种黏性物质,可助消化,治疗胃炎、胃溃疡,并可保护肝脏及增强人体耐力。嫩叶也可食用。有花、种子和根对恶疮、痈疖有疗效,有一定的抗癌作用。种子中含有较多的钾、钙、铁、锌、锰等矿物质,能提取油脂、蛋白质或作为咖啡的代用品。
【环境要求】
1.温度 黄秋葵喜温暖、怕严寒,耐热力强。当气温13℃,地温15℃左右,种子即可发芽。但种子发芽和生育期适温均为25~30℃。月均温低于17℃,即影响开花结果;夜温低于14℃,则生长缓慢,植株矮小,叶片狭窄,开花少,落花多。26~28℃适温开花多,坐果率高,果实发育快,产量高,品质好。
2.水分 黄秋葵耐旱、耐湿,但不耐涝。发芽期土壤湿度过大,易诱发幼苗立枯病。结果期干旱,植株长势差,品质劣,应始终保持土壤湿润。
3.光照 黄秋葵对光照条件尤为敏感,要求光照时间长,光照充足。应选择向阳地块,加强通风透气,注意合理密植,以免互相遮荫,影响通风透光。
4.土壤 营养黄秋葵对土壤适应性较广,不择地力,但以土层深厚、疏松肥沃、排水良好的壤土或砂壤土较宜。肥料在生长前期以氮为主,中后期需磷钾肥较多。但氮肥过多,植株易徒长,开花结果延迟,坐果节位升高;氮肥不足,植株生长不良而影响开花坐果。
【繁殖】
1.发芽期 播种到2片子叶展平为发芽期,约需10~15天。25~30℃适温下播种4~5天即可发芽出土。通常露地直播幼苗出土约需7天左右,地膜覆盖可提前2~4天出苗。
2.幼苗期 从2片子叶展平到第一朵花开放为止,约需40~45天。一般子叶充分展开后,经15~25天,第一片真叶展开。以后每2~4天发生一片真叶,其中第一二片真叶为圆形。幼苗期生长缓慢,地温过低时更甚。
3.开花结果 期从始花到采收结束,约需85~120天。出苗后需50~55天,第一朵花即开放。第一二朵花从开花到收获所需天数稍长。以后随温度升高,收获时间缩短。通常播种后70天左右即可第一次采收。在昼温28~32℃,夜温18~20℃适温下开花后4天即可收获。黄秋葵开花结果后生长速度加快,长势增强,尤以高温下生长更快,7月每3天即展开一片真叶,9月则需4~5天展开一片真 叶。
图片http://image.baidu.com/i?tn=baiduimage&ct=201326592&lm=-1&cl=2&word=%BB%C6%C7%EF%BF%FB
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