推荐回答(1个)
驱动轴依靠花键和锥度轴与行星架配合传递扭矩,锥度配合往往由于偏心螺栓松动和磨损,起不到传递扭矩的作用,因此,需要对驱动轴结构进行改进。驱动轴快易优自动化选型有收录。去掉驱动轴锥度部分,并将驱动接盘与花键轴设计成两个独立零件,接盘设计成与驱动轴花键相配合的内花键槽,驱动轴花键设计成通体花键来传递扭矩,这样,扭矩完全由花键轴和行星架配合传递,花键轴上不会再因与锥度轴过度出的变截面和强度不均匀而产生应力集中现象,从而提高可驱动轴的强度。
设计驱动车轮的传动装置位于汽车传动系的末端,其功用是将转矩由差速器半轴齿轮传给驱动车轮。在断开式驱动桥和转向驱动桥中,驱动车轮的传动装置包括半轴和万向节传动装置且多采用等速万向节。驱动轴快易优自动化选型有收录。在一般非断开式驱动桥上,驱动车轮的传动装置就是半轴,这时半轴将差速器半轴齿轮与轮毂连接起来。在装有轮边减速器的驱动桥上,半轴将半轴齿轮与轮边减速器的主动齿轮连接起来。
普通非断开式驱动桥的半轴,根据其外端的支承型式或受力状况的不同而分为半浮式、3/4浮式和全浮式三种。半浮式半轴以靠近外端的轴颈直接支承在置于桥壳外端内孔中的轴承上,而端部则以具有锥面的轴颈及键与车轮轮毂相固定,或以突缘直接与车轮轮盘及制动鼓相联接)。因此,半浮式半轴除传递转矩外,还要承受车轮传来的弯矩。由此可见,半浮式半轴承受的载荷复杂,但它具有结构简单、质量小、尺寸紧凑、造价低廉等优点。用于质量较小、使用条件较好、承载负荷也不大的轿车和轻型载货汽车。
轴一般由轧制圆钢或锻件经切削加工制造。轴的直径较小时,可用圆钢棒制造;对于重要的,大直径或阶梯直径变化较大的轴,多采用锻件。为节约金属和提高工艺性,直径大的轴还可以制成空心的,并且带有焊接的或者锻造的凸缘。对于形状复杂的轴(如凸轮轴、曲轴)可采用铸造。
1、轴毛坯的选择
对于自锁螺母光轴或轴段直径变化不大的轴、不太重要的轴,可选用轧材圆棒做轴的毛坯,有条件的可直接用冷拔圆钢;对于重要的轴受载、受载较大的轴、直径变化较大的阶梯轴,一般采用锻柸;对于形状复杂的轴可用铸造毛坯。
2、根据使用条件选用轴的材质
多数轴即承受转矩又承受弯矩,多处于变应力条件下工作,因此轴的材料应具有较好的强度和韧性,用于滑动轴承时,还要具有较好的耐磨性。其中优质碳素结构钢使用广泛,45钢最为常用,调质后具有优良的综合力学性能。不太重要的轴也可用Q235、Q275等普通碳素结构钢。高速、重载的轴、受力较大而要求尺寸小的轴以及有特殊要求的轴,要用合金结构钢,如铬钢,铬镍钢、硅锰钢等。合金钢对应力集中敏感性小,在机械行业应用日趋增多。
3、热处理和表面处理工艺提高材料的力学性能
冷作硬化是一种机械表面处理工艺,也可以用来改善轴的表面质量,提高疲劳强度,其方法有喷丸和滚压等。喷丸表面产生薄层塑性变形,并大大降低表面粗糙度,硬化表层,也能消除微裂纹,使表面产生残余压缩应力。
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