朱元璋当政的31年中,大约有10万到15万贪官人头落地,为何到头来还是没有根除贪污?

2025-03-26 03:12:17
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

  

朱元璋当上明朝开国皇帝后,就不遗余力地反腐肃贪,为我国2000多年的封建社会中杀戮贪官最多的皇帝。有学者估算,在朱元璋当政的31年中,大约有10万到15万贪官人头落地。总结元朝灭亡教训,重典治吏明朝建立之初,朱元璋总结了元朝败亡的教训,认为纲纪废弛,官吏放纵,从而激化了阶级矛盾,导致了农民大起义,这是元王朝崩溃的主要原因。为此,他极力主张“立国之初,当先正纲纪”,用重典惩治“奸顽”。

  他曾说:“从前我在民间时,见州县官吏多不恤民,往往贪财好色,饮酒废事,凡民疾苦,视之漠然,心里恨透了。如今要严立法禁,凡遇官吏贪污蠹害百姓的,决不宽恕”。基于这样的认识,“重典治吏”成为明代特别是明初为政、立法的指导思想。刑法:剥皮朱元璋――杀贪官最多的皇帝朱元璋当上明朝开国皇帝后,就不遗余力地反腐肃贪,为我国2000多年的封建社会中杀戮贪官最多的皇帝。

  朱元璋那么重的刑罚也压制不了明朝的贪腐的主要原因如下:

  一、朱元璋反腐行动是自上而下的皇权行为,法外酷刑的泛滥说明了朱元璋并无意于建立一种良性循环的法律体制,而更多的是制衡贪污的官僚集团。

  二、官员的低薪制又加剧了腐败的蔓延。如果不贪污,一个大明的官员根本活不下去。让人人都当海瑞那样的清官是不现实的。

  三、反腐缺乏标本兼治,虽然朱元璋设立了御史台、并且定期考核官吏、建立特务机构锦衣卫、还允许老百姓告御状等制度,但朱元璋并不寄希望于制度的运转,而单纯靠个人意志来反腐。这也导致了被权臣之间互相利用,而且使反腐变成了快速追求利益的方法。著名的胡惟庸和蓝玉两案,前后历时十四年,牵连至死的有四万五千多人,无数人财产或者充公,家人被发配。导致了大量的利益被重新分配。

  用朱元璋自己的话说:“自开国以来,两浙、江西、两广和福建设所有司官,未尝任满一人。”此种现象,不就说明了在朱元璋时代,反腐仅是一种工具,而非真正实行吏治吗?反腐缺乏标本兼治,酷刑严律只能是前"捕"后继朱元璋没有想到的是,造成腐败的根本原因不是他的惩贪措施不严厉而是中国的贪渎文化过于根深蒂固。在传统中国社会,因为政治权力笼罩了社会生活的方方面面,而对权力的制约乏力,腐败机会遍地皆是。

  而朱元璋的低薪制又加剧了腐败的蔓延。史称明代“官俸最薄”。正一品官月俸米八十七石,正四品二十四石,正七品七石五斗。合成银两,一个县令月收入不过五两,折换成现在币值,一千元左右。如果不贪污,大明王朝的官员们根本活不下去。然而,朱元璋却从道德高度出发,认为官员应该不计报酬,敬业奉献;朱元璋相信暴力恫吓可以取代一切其他努力,造成一个绝无贪污的纯而又纯的世界的做法,面对强大的腐败传统、官员们糊口的生存权利,坚持着对惩贪工作的不切实际的高要求,就变得不切实际起来,变得没有自觉遵守的制约力。

  腐败现象难以根绝,就丝毫也不奇怪了。结语:反腐境界有好几个层次,只有严律酷刑让人不敢贪是不够的,还要有制度与监督使人不能贪、有待遇与责任使人不想贪,有自觉与道德使人不会贪,才能真正抑制贪腐之心、遏制贪腐之行。毕竟,惩处不是目的,制度保障和生活保证,辅以价值体现、精神满足,才是治理贪腐的根本之道。

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