推荐回答(1个)
切削液的配比 (1)苏打水
苏打(无水碳酸钠):1% 亚硝酸钠:0.25%---0.6% 水:余量 将上述物质,加以3---4倍质量的热水(水温40---50度),搅拌3---5分钟,再加入剩余质量的水,再搅拌5分钟。
优点:冷却性能好,防腐蚀作用,良好的洗涤性,成本低 (2)乳化液
取1.5%---2.5%左右的乳化油,先用少量的温水融化,然后倒入储有足量水的水箱中即可。 但要求有较高的防锈,防腐蚀性能时,加入苏打和亚硝酸钠各0.2%左右。 优点:具有良好的冷却性能和润滑性能,有防腐蚀作用。
常用刀具材料有碳素工具钢、合金工具钢、高速钢、硬质合金等。
(1) 碳素工具钢(如T10、T12A)及合金工具钢(如9SiCr) 特点是淬火硬度较高,价廉。但耐热性能较差,淬火时易产生变形,通常只用于手工工具及形状较简单、切削速度较低的刀具。
(2) 高速钢 高速钢是含有较多W、Mo、Cr、V 等元素的高合金工具钢。高速钢具有较高的硬度(热处理硬度可达HRC62-67)和耐热性(切削温度可达500-600°C)。它可以加工铁碳合金、非铁金属、高温合金等广泛的材料。高速钢具有高的强度和韧性,抗冲击振动的能力较强,适宜制造各类刀具。但因耐热温度较硬质合金低,故不能用于高速切削。常用牌号分别是W18Cr4V和W6Mo5Cr4V2等。
(3) 硬质合金 硬质合金是在高温下烧结而成的粉末冶金制品。具有较的硬度(70~175HRC),能耐850℃~1000℃的高温,具有良好的耐磨性和耐热性以及高硬度。因而其切削速度比高速钢刀锯提高2到3倍,主要用于高速切削,但其强度、韧性和工艺性不如高速钢,因此通常将硬质合金焊接或机械夹固在刀体(刀柄)上使用(如硬质合金车刀)。常用的硬质合金有钨钴类(YG类)、钨钛钴类(YT类)和钨钛钽(铌)类硬质合金(YW类)三类。
① 钨钴类硬质合金(YG类) YG类硬质合金主要由WC和Co组成, YG类硬质合金的抗弯强度和冲击韧性较好,不易崩刃,很适宜切削切屑呈崩碎状的铸铁等脆性材料。常用的牌号有YG3、YG6、YG8等。其中数字表示Co含量的百分比,Co含量少者,较脆、较耐磨。YG8用于粗加工,YG6和YG3用于半精加工和精加工。
②钨钛钴类硬质合金(YT类) YT类硬质合金主要由WC、TiC和Co组成,它里面加入了碳
化钛后,增加了硬质合金的硬度、耐热性、抗粘结性和抗氧化能力。但由于YT类硬质合金的抗弯强度和冲击韧性较差,故主要用于切削普通碳钢及合金钢等塑性材料。常用的牌号有YT5、YT15、YT30等。其中数字表示TiC含量的百分比,TiC的含量越多,韧性越小,而耐磨性和耐热性越高。其中TY5一般用于粗加工,YT15和YT30用于半精加工和精加工。
③钨钛钽(铌)类硬质合金(YW类) 它是在普通硬质合金中加入了碳化钽或碳化铌,从而提高了硬质合金的韧性和耐热性,使其具有较好的综合切削性能。YW类硬质合金主要用于不锈钢、耐热钢、高锰钢的加工,也适用于普通碳钢和铸铁的加工,因此被称为通用型硬质合金,常用的牌号有 YW1、YW2等。
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