推荐回答(4个)
白酒:多以含淀粉物质为原料,如高粱、玉米、大麦、小麦、大米、碗豆等,其酿造过程大体分为两步:首先是用米曲霉、黑曲霉、黄曲霉等将淀粉分解成糖类,称为糖化过程;第2步由酵母菌再将葡萄糖发酵产生酒精。白酒中的香味浓,主要是在发酵过程中还产生较多的酯类、高级酯类、挥发性游离酸、乙醛和糠醛等。白酒的酒精含量一般在60度以上。 白酒的发酵机理:
白酒酿造大多是固态发酵,其主要产物是乙醇。分析检测,白酒中大部分是乙醇和水,还含有占总量2%左右的其他香味物质。由于这些香味物质在酒中种类的多少和相互比例的不同才是酒有别于酒精,具有独特的风格。白酒中的香味物质主要是醇类、酯类、醛类、酮类、芳香族化合物等物质。
白酒物质的产生过程:
淀粉→糖→乙醇; 蛋白质→氨基酸→醇、醛、酮等物质
啤酒:以大麦为原料,啤酒花为香料,经过麦芽糖化和啤酒酵母酒精发酵制成。含有丰富的CO2和少量酒精。由于发酵工艺与一般酒精生产不同,啤酒中保留了一部分未分解的营养物,从而增加了啤酒的香味。啤酒中酒精含量一般为15度,或更低。
葡萄酒:以葡萄汁为原料,经葡萄酒酵母发酵制成。其酒精含量较低(约9~10%)较多的保留着果品中原有的营养成分,并带有特产名果的独特香味。在工艺上葡萄酒的酿制要经过主发酵和后发酵阶段,后发酵就是在上述主阶段酿成后要贮藏1年以上继续发酵的过程。白酒中高档的主要原料为高粱、其次为玉米、大米、大麦。采用固态发酵,加入一定数量的稻壳、高粱皮、谷糠等作为疏松剂。原料和疏松剂经蒸煮冷却后,拌入糖化用的曲子或酵母,放在窖内或缸内发酵,发酵后再拌入原料和疏松剂,进行蒸馏。蒸馏出酒,并对新料起到蒸煮作用。酒糟丢掉一部分再次配料、发酵、蒸馏和蒸煮,如此循环往复,蒸馏出的酒在酒窖中陈酿,装瓶前再进行勾兑。白酒在香型上分为清香型、浓香型、酱香型、米香型和复香型五个类型。
葡萄酒的制作包括葡萄破碎,控制发酵,酒窖管理,陈酿和勾兑。破碎去梗后期的葡萄及果汁,装入大的酒桶中发酵,经酵母作用,葡萄中的糖转变为二氧化炭和酒精,发酵期为数天至数月。根据工艺的不同,可制造出红、白、桃红或玫瑰色的葡萄酒。
你还是先学习学习传统固态发酵酿酒的技术吧!可以去酒厂帮人干段时间活嘛!传统固态发酵酿酒工艺和技术不是你看看书就能酿出好酒的。在此我要告诉你几点:
1、不要相信任何人向你推荐任何新工艺酿酒(生料酿酒技术和设备),具体原因你多在网上看看就知道了,当然有很多都是宣传片,生料酿酒做不得,不要被洗脑了;
2、现在传统固态发酵酿酒的曲药和十几年前有很大的改进,现在的出酒率都能达到50%了,要是淀粉全部糖化的话出酒率能达到70%;
3、所谓新工艺酿酒出酒率能达到90%纯属骗人,那酒的酒质根本不好,度数低就价钱低,所出的酒不能长时间存放,度数会变低、味道会变但,有的人买去了还没喝完就会给你提回来还给你;
4、所谓新工艺酿酒要考勾兑才能出好酒也是不现实的,勾兑的越好,酒就越假,要是你都会勾兑好酒了,就不用酿酒了,就可以去大酒厂干了;
5、现在农村喝酒的人很都知道了生料酿酒,好坏自有评说,反正你要做生料酒的话,肯定不好卖,要亏;
6、很多县城里做白铁工具焊接的地方、很多木匠、很多石匠都会做固态发酵酿酒的蒸锅,为了能使酒气不散失、得到跟高的出酒率,我劝你选用焊接的蒸锅。
其他的我不想多说了,擦亮眼睛,勤劳刻苦,祝你好运!
提供地址,你去看一下吧:省级质量技术监督局附近,标准化图书发行社(书店)里面有许多你需要的资料。行业国标如饮料酒的分类、品酒知识、食品标签标准等等。我经常在那里买书看,你要的资料部分会找到。(你是哪个省的?)
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