古今中外战争以弱胜强的战例,并分析原因 火速回答

2025-03-31 13:10:33
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

  巨鹿之战,是秦末农民大起义中,项羽率领5万楚军同秦将章邯、王离所率40余万秦军主力在巨鹿(今河北平乡)进行的一场重大决战性战役,也是中国历史上著名的以少胜多的战役之一。项羽军破釜沉舟,一举击败20万秦军,使秦军遭受巨创,并迫使另20万秦军不久投降。

  官渡之战,建安五年(200年),曹操和袁绍在官渡(今河南中牟东北)爆发了一场决定性大战。当时北方割据势力以袁绍最大,曹操次之,两大势力决战是势所必然的。袁绍有军队数十万,占地面积又大,但不得人心;曹操能用于对抗袁绍的军队仅三、四万,但比较得到百姓拥护,而且献帝在他手中,可以「挟天子以令诸侯」。 这年二月,袁绍遣谋士郭图、大将颜良直扑白马曹操所置东郡太守刘延,自己亲率大军驻屯黎阳。曹操采用声东击西的战略,引兵向延津,袁绍派兵增援。曹操见袁绍中计,立即亲率轻骑直趋白马,阵斩颜良,袁军大乱溃散。袁绍大怒,下令渡河追击曹操。在延津以南,曹操故意将辎重弃置路上,袁军纷纷抢夺。操乘机败袁军,诛袁军大将文丑。 曹操尽管在白马、延津取得局部胜利,但敌强我弱的态势仍未根本改变,于是决定诱敌深入,主动撤退到官渡,深沟高垒,固守阵地,以待有利时机。双方在官渡相持数月后,曹操出奇兵火烧乌巢,尽焚袁军粮草辎重,并趁机向袁军全力进攻,一举消灭袁军七万余,袁绍和儿子袁谭率亲兵八百余骑逃过黄河。此一战役,曹操以少胜多,歼灭袁绍的主力,为统一北方奠定基础。

  赤壁之战传统的史学家强调其思想轻敌骄傲。如张作耀《曹操传》说:“曹操其人极易激动,易被胜利冲昏头脑”,曹操没有乘胜把刘备彻底击溃,错过了战机。此外,孙刘军扬水战之长,巧施火攻。

  淝水之战,发生在公元383年(东晋太元八年)8月至12月。这场战争是我国历史上以少胜多,以弱胜强的著名战例,并给后人留下了有意义的历史掌故和历史遗迹。如“风声鹤唳,草木皆兵”、“投鞭断流”、“围棋赌墅”等成语,一直脍炙人口。 秦晋两军隔淝水为阵,谢玄采用激将法,派人对苻融说:要秦军稍向后退,在淝水岸边让出一片战场,以便两军决战。当时秦军诸将都认为应坚守淝水,不让晋军过河。但苻坚却认为可以铁骑数十万向水逼近而杀之。苻融按照苻坚的命令,号令三军后退,不料命令一下,全军立即骚动,人心惶惶,朱序又在阵后大呼:“秦军败矣!”于是,苻坚的几十万大军不战自溃。 谢玄指挥八千晋军乘机渡河,挥刀砍杀,秦军争相逃命,苻融企图稳住阵脚,但混乱中马被绊倒,被晋军杀死。秦军大败,自相践踏而死者“蔽野塞川”,侥幸不死者,“弃甲曳兵”听到“风声鹤唳”,以为晋军追到。一路上“草行露宿,重以饥冻,死者十七八”。苻坚也身中流矢,舍弃了乘坐,单骑逃回淮北,搜集残部,溃退洛阳,百万大军,只剩十余万残兵了。至此,苻坚南侵的美梦彻底破灭,回到长安,不久也就国灭身亡。而八公山下“风声鹤唳,草木皆兵”,则成为战争史上的奇观为后人所传颂。
  在西方,能真正意义上称得以少胜多的著名战役只有奥斯特里茨战役、坎尼战役和哈勒哈河,包括苏沃洛夫在阿尔卑斯山的行军也非常经典。

回答2:

第二次世界大战,美日太平洋战争,当时的美国海军并没有日军海军强大。日本 零式战斗机(22型(A6M3):装[ 荣 ]21型(标称1100马力)发动机,机体与21型相同 )以爬升率高,转弯半径小,速度快,航程远等特点压倒美军F4F野猫战机。但是后来美军的新式F6F地狱猫战斗机(马力2000),但是在1943.10.5威克岛空战中,美国的新式F6F地狱猫战斗机改变了美空军在空中的劣势,此后一再成为了零式战斗机的克星。 后来的太平洋战争,美国凭借着先进性能的战机,优秀英勇战士和英明战略指挥赢得了太平洋战争。

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