推荐回答(2个)
谢灵运(385~433),小名客儿、阿客,后人习称谢客。原籍陈郡阳夏( 今河南太康),生于始宁(今上虞)。祖父谢瑍,官拜车骑将军。父亲谢 ,生而不慧, 为秘书郎,早亡。灵运少好学,博览群书;文章之美,江左莫逮。18岁袭爵康乐公,因称谢康乐。后出任永嘉太守及临川内史等职。自谓才能宜参权要,既不见知,常怀愤愤。灵运为人豪放,一向寄情山水。他是我国文学史上著名的山水诗人,善于用富艳精工的语言记叙游赏经历、描绘自然景物,多有形象鲜明、意境优美的佳句,扭转了东晋以来的玄言诗风,对唐代的诗歌发展有一定的影响。李白、杜甫、王维、孟浩然、韦应物、柳宗元等,都曾从他的作品中汲取过营养。
七里濑诗
羁心积秋晨。晨积展游眺。孤客伤逝湍。徒旅苦奔峭。石浅水潺湲。日落山照曜。荒林纷沃若。哀禽相叫啸。遭物悼迁斥。存期得要妙。既秉上皇心。岂屑末代诮。目覩严子濑。想属任公钓。谁谓古今殊。异代可同调。
晚出西射堂诗
步出西城门。遥望城西岑。连鄣叠巘崿。青翠杳深沉。晓霜枫叶丹。夕曛岚气阴。节往戚不浅。感来念已深。羁雌恋旧侣。迷鸟怀故林。含情尚劳爱。如何离赏心。抚镜华缁鬓。揽带缓促衿。安排徒空言。幽独赖鸣琴。
登池上楼诗
潜虬媚幽姿。飞鸿响远音。薄霄愧云浮。栖川怍渊沉。进德智所拙。退耕力不任。狥禄反穷海。卧疴对空林。衾枕昧节候。褰开暂窥临。倾耳聆波澜。举目眺岖嵚。初景革绪风。新阳改故阴。池塘生春草。园柳变鸣禽。祁祁伤豳歌。萋萋感楚吟。索居易永久。离羣难处心。持操岂独古。无闷征在今。
游南亭诗
时竟夕澄霁。云归日西驰。密林含余清。远峰隐半规。久痗昏垫苦。旅馆眺郊歧。泽兰渐被径。芙蓉始发池。未厌青春好。已观朱明移。戚戚感物叹。星星白发垂。药饵情所止。衰疾忽在斯。逝将候秋水。息景偃旧崖。我志谁与亮。赏心惟良知。
我看谢灵运
魏晋南北朝诗人中对后世影响最大的,恐怕就数谢灵运了,在唐代诗人的创作中,经常能看到他的影子。应该说谢灵运是值得作为师傅来对待的,他的诗诚如后世者,如王夫之所言:“情不虚情,情皆可景;景非滞景,景总含情。”而就写作的境界来说,他也如杜甫所评价的,有“清水出芙蓉”之貌。因此,总体说来我还是喜欢谢灵运的诗的,像他的《燕歌行》、《泰山行》,以及《过白岸亭》、《庐陵王墓下作》,的确让人读后印象很深。但我印象最深的却是他的一首只剩下残句的诗:“邦君难地险,旅客易山行。”我一直在猜揣这首诗的后面都写了些什么,却没有结果。我只能想象的是,在一种对比的情势下,谢灵运感慨的是作为一个普通人与君主在人生旅途中的不同。中国古代诗人多对仕途有所体会,自然对其中的种种险恶看得比较清楚。这可能也是中国古典诗歌里多有出世之感慨的诗篇的原因。谢灵运一生都在宦海里沉浮,最后落了个掉脑袋的命运,他自然对其中的凶险体会很深。实际上我看谢灵运的诗,不光看到他在写景时表现出来的准确、生动,如白居易所言的“大必笼天海,细不遗草树”,而是看到他在这些诗中所感慨的对人生命运的态度。我觉得正是在这种态度中让人体会到了谢灵运的魅力,像《折杨柳行》的“郁郁河边树,青青野田草。合我故乡客,将适万里道。妻妾牵衣袂,抆泪沾怀抱。还拊幼童子,顾托兄与嫂。辞诀未及终,严驾一何早。负笮引文舟,饥渴常不饱。谁令尔贫贱,咨嗟何所道。”以景以情,谢灵运从具体中到达的是对人生的感悟。这可能也是后世者之所以对他的诗推崇的原因吧。事实上也是这样,当读到像“短生旅长世,恒觉白日欹。览镜睨颓容,华颜岂久期。苟无回戈术,坐观落崦嵫”,时间的流逝总能唤起人精神上的惆怅,读这样的诗永远让人有怆然之感,一下子沉浸在深深地怅惘之中。时间,这也是中国诗歌触及的最多的话题,包含了中国人的宇宙观。最后,我要说的是我对谢灵运的《上留田行》特别有兴趣,原因是这首诗特别怪。
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