0.1 mol⼀L氢氧化钠标准溶液怎样配制

2025-04-01 11:56:23
推荐回答(4个)
回答1:

配制0.1mol/L氢氧化钠标准溶液的步骤:

1 称取4克氢氧化钠固体,用少量蒸馏水溶于小烧杯中

2 将烧杯中的氢氧化钠溶液转移到1000mL的容量瓶中

3 用蒸馏水润洗烧杯和玻璃棒2-3次,润洗液也转移到容量瓶中

4 用洗瓶给容量瓶加蒸馏水,直到离刻度线2-3厘米

5 用滴管滴加蒸馏水,直到液面到达刻度线

6 盖好塞子,上下颠倒摇匀

7 将配制好的溶液装入细口瓶中,贴上标签。

拓展资料

关于氢氧化钠

氢氧化钠,化学式为NaOH,俗称烧碱、火碱、苛性钠,为一种具有强腐蚀性的强碱,一般为片状或块状形态,易溶于水(溶于水时放热)并形成碱性溶液,另有潮解性,易吸取空气中的水蒸气(潮解)和二氧化碳(变质),可加入盐酸检验是否变质。

NaOH是化学实验室其中一种必备的化学品,亦为常见的化工品之一。纯品是无色透明的晶体。密度2.130g/cm³。熔点318.4℃。沸点1390℃。工业品含有少量的氯化钠和碳酸钠,是白色不透明的晶体。有块状,片状,粒状和棒状等。式量39.997。

氢氧化钠在水处理中可作为碱性清洗剂,溶于乙醇和甘油;不溶于丙醇、乙醚。与氯、溴、碘等卤素发生歧化反应。与酸类起中和作用而生成盐和水。

制备方法

实验室制法

1、钠盐与氧化钙反应

可以用一些碳酸氢钠(小苏打)和一些氧化钙(生石灰)。把生石灰放于水中,反应后变为石灰浆(氢氧化钙溶液、熟石灰),把碳酸氢钠(或碳酸钠)的固体颗粒(浓溶液也行)加入石灰浆中,为保证产物氢氧化钠的纯度,需使石灰浆过。原因:参考氢氧化钙和碳酸钠的溶解度。搅拌加快其反应,待其反应一会儿后,静置片刻,随着碳酸钙的沉淀,上层清液就是氢氧化钠溶液,小心倒出即可。(切记倒出后称量时不能放在滤纸上!)

CaO + H₂O =Ca(OH)₂

NaHCO₃+ Ca(OH)₂=CaCO₃↓+ NaOH + H₂O(推荐)

Ca(OH)₂+Na₂CO₃ =CaCO₃↓+2NaOH

2、钠与水反应

取一块金属钠,擦去表面煤油,刮去表面氧化层,放入盛有水的烧杯中。

2Na+2H₂O=2NaOH+H₂↑

现象:(浮、熔、游、响)

浮:钠浮在水面上;

熔:钠熔化成小球;

游:钠在水面上游动,因为有氢气生成;

响:钠咝咝作响,因为有氢气生成 。

工业制法

工业上生产烧碱的方法有苛化法、电解法和离子交换膜法三种。

1、苛化法

将纯碱、石灰分别经化碱制成纯碱溶液、石灰制成石灰乳,于99~101℃进行苛化反应,苛化液经澄清、蒸发浓缩至40%以上,制得液体烧碱。将浓缩液进一步熬浓固化,制得固体烧碱成品。苛化泥用水洗涤,洗水用于化碱。

Na2CO3+Ca(OH)2= 2NaOH+CaCO3↓ 

2、隔膜电解法

将原盐化盐后加入纯碱、烧碱、氯化钡精制剂除去钙、镁、硫酸根离子等杂质,再于澄清槽中加入聚丙烯酸钠或苛化麸皮以加速沉淀,砂滤后加入盐酸中和,盐水经预热后送去电解,电解液经预热、蒸发、分盐、冷却,制得液体烧碱,进一步熬浓即得固体烧碱成品。盐泥洗水用于化盐。

2NaCl+2H2O[电解] = 2NaOH+Cl2↑+H2↑ 

3、离子交换膜法

将原盐化盐后按传统的办法进行盐水精制,把一次精盐水经微孔烧结碳素管式过滤器进行过滤后,再经螫合离子交换树脂塔进行二次精制,使盐水中钙、镁含量降到0.002%以下,将二次精制盐水电解,于阳极室生成氯气,阳极室盐水中的Na+通过离子膜进入阴极室与阴极室的OH生成氢氧化钠,H+直接在阴极上放电生成氢气。电解过程中向阳极室加入适量的高纯度盐酸以中和返迁的OH-,阴极室中应加入所需纯水。在阴极室生成的高纯烧碱浓度为30%~32%(质量),可以直接作为液碱产品,也可以进一步熬浓,制得固体烧碱成品。

2NaCl+2H₂O= 2NaOH+H₂↑+Cl₂↑

(参考资料:百度百科:氢氧化钠)

回答2:

配制0.1mol/L氢氧化钠标准溶液的步骤:
1 称取4克氢氧化钠固体,用少量蒸馏水溶于小烧杯中
2 将烧杯中的氢氧化钠溶液转移到1000mL的容量瓶中
3 用蒸馏水润洗烧杯和玻璃棒2-3次,润洗液也转移到容量瓶中
4 用洗瓶给容量瓶加蒸馏水,直到离刻度线2-3厘米
5 用滴管滴加蒸馏水,直到液面到达刻度线
6 盖好塞子,上下颠倒摇匀
7 将配制好的溶液装入细口瓶中,贴上标签。

回答3:

0.1 mol/L氢氧化钠,也就是4.0g/L的浓度。
假设我们需要配制一升这样的溶液,那么就取一个洁净小烧杯准确称取4.0g氢氧化钠,然后用少量纯净水溶解,用玻璃棒引流转入一个1升的容量瓶中,然后反复用纯水清洗小烧杯和玻璃棒,将洗涤液也一并转入容量瓶中,适当混匀,最后用纯水将容量瓶定容至刻度线,上下颠倒混匀,即成。需要其他体积则按比例增大或缩小。

回答4:

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