这是正解 我想知道by which 是怎么来的 然后 我其实也不明白这句子什么意思 神人翻译一哈。。

This is the time when many writers find it most effective to outline as a way of visualizing the hidden spine by which the piece of writing is
supported

句子语法结构分析

主语：This (这个）

系动词：is （是）

表语：the time（这个时间/时候）

定语从句：when many writers find it most effective to outline as a way of visualizing the hidden spine by which the piece of writing is supported

定语从句主语：many writers（很多作家）

定语从句谓语：find（发现/觉得/认为）

定语从句形式宾语：it（它）

定语从句宾语补足语：most effecive（最有效的）

定语从句正真宾语：to outline as a way of visualizing the hidden spine by which the piece of writing is supported（作为支持这篇著作的隐藏性脊柱/脊椎的形象化的方式进行概述）

动词不定式语法结构分析

动词不定式：to outline

修饰动词不定式方式状语：as a way of visualizing the hidden spine by which the piece of writing is supported.

方式状语语法结构分析：

as a way of 作为....一种方式

visualizing the hidden spine by which the piece of writing is supported

动词+宾语+定语从句

动词：visualizing （使形象化；想象/设想）

宾语：the hidden spine（隐藏性脊柱/脊椎）

修饰宾语定语从句：by which the piece of writing is supported（证实/支持这篇著作的）

关系代词which引导定语从句,which= the hidden spine; by which=by hidden spine

被动语态：The piece of writing is supported by the hidden spine.

主动语态：The hidden spine supports the piece of writing.

翻译成中文通常用主动语态翻译.

visualize the hidden spine =使隐藏性脊柱/脊椎的形象化

该句子为一个定语从句修饰的一个名词

by which the piece of writing is supported= The piece of writing is supported by the hidden spine 意思，支持这篇著作的隐藏性脊柱/脊椎