中国人的核心价值观是什么?麻烦告诉我

2025-02-09 00:00:27
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

  要问答这些问题,就要搞清楚什么是现时中国的核心价值观,或者,搞清楚现时中国文化的特征是什么。所谓文化,就“是人类主体通过社会实践活动,适应、利用、改造自然界客体而逐步实现自身价值观念的过程。”(申漳,1982)“价值观是文化中最深层的部分,它是人们关于什么是最好的行为的一套持久的信念,它是人们在社会化的过程中获得的,它支配着人们的信念、态度、看法和行动,成为人们行动的指南。”(郭莲,2002)文化与价值观之间的关系密不可分。
  对中国文化的特征,张岱年归纳为四点:即是㈠天人合一,㈡以人为本,㈢刚健自强,㈣以和为贵。(张岱年,2000)这四点总体上给人的感觉就是中国文化是激励人们奋发向上的,是讲究和谐和睦的。这样的总结让国人感觉很好,但不能说明现时生活中所出现的种种现象,比如说环境污染问题,医疗教育费用逐年上涨问题等等。
  梁漱溟在《中国文化要义》一书中对中国文化特点的总结为:“㈠自私自利,此指身家念重、不讲公德、一盘散沙、不能合作、缺乏组织能力,对国家及公共团体缺乏责任感,徇私废公及贪私等。㈡勤俭,此指习性勤俭、刻苦耐劳、孜孜不倦、好节省以至于吝啬、极有实利主义实用主义之精神等。㈢爱讲礼貌,此一面指繁文缛节、虚情客套、重形式、爱面子以至于欺伪;一面亦指宁牺牲实利而要面子,为争一口气而倾家荡产等。㈣和平文弱,此指温顺和平、耻于用暴、重文轻武、文雅而不免纤弱、特喜调和妥协;中庸及均衡、不为己甚、适可而止等。㈤知足自得,此指知足安命,有自得之趣,贫而乐、乐而无怨、安分守己、尽人事听天命、恬然而爱好自然风景、少以人力胜天之想等。㈥守旧,此指好古薄今、因袭苟安、极少进去冒险精神、安土重迁、一动不如一静等。㈦马虎(模糊),此指马虎笼统、不求精确、不重视时间、不讲数字、敷衍因循、不彻底、不大分彼此、没有一定规律等。㈧坚忍及残忍,残忍指对人或动物缺乏同情;坚忍则谓自己能忍耐至至高程度。克己、自勉、忍辱、吃亏等都属于此。对内对外两面,实亦相连之事。㈨韧性及弹性,韧性止于牢韧,弹性则并有弹力。此不独于其个人生命见之,全民族全历史恰亦证明如此。此不独其心理精神方面为然,于其体质及生理现象亦证明如此。㈩圆熟老到,此盖为中国民族之总括的特征,…其含义有:悠悠然不慌不忙、稳健、老成持重、心眼多、有分寸、近情近理、不偏不倚、不露圭角而具有最大之适应性及潜力。”
  此总结虽为大半个世纪前所做,但读罢,想必仍要震慑于老先生的洞察力,这中间的绝大多数仍然直指现时的中国文化,而此时的文化已然经历了近百年的传统文化批判、文化重塑,不想,却是新瓶装旧酒了。
  也许真的要感叹中国文化,或者更确切地说是中国传统文化的强大的生命力。哪怕只要有点星火,就可能要燎原。
  到是张岱年老先生的“以人为本”道出了缘由。
  梁先生的总结与张先生的归纳的本质区别,好像就归因到了一个还在争论的话题上:人,性善,性恶?本文亦不想趟此混水,到是把西方的马斯洛的“需求层次论”拿来做个分析可能更加稳妥和贴切些。

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